Easy Z80
An easy to build Zilog Z80 based single board computer
Table of Content
Introduction
My son Max asked me what does it take to build a computer, and whether he can design and build one himself. This project is our attempt to design and build a simple, easy to understand, yet capable single board computer. It reuses the same memory paging mechanism I've implemented in Zeta SBC V2. It uses Zilog Z80 SIO/O and Z80 CTC peripheral ICs and implements daisy chain mode 2 interrupt configuration.
Specifications
- Processor: Zilog Z80 CPU (CMOS version - Z84C00)
- Memory: 512 KiB battery-backed SRAM, 512 KiB Flash ROM
- I/O:
- Zilog Z80 CTC - Programmable timer used for periodic interrupts and (optionally) for generating UART clock
- Zilog Z80 SIO - Dual channel serial interface, used for console and for connecting to other peripheral devices
- Bus: RC2014 compatible
- Microprocessor Supervisor:
- Reset generation
- SRAM battery backup
- Power failure NMI
- Watchdog (optional)
Hardware Documentation
For the version 1.0 schematic, PCB layout, and bill of materials please refer to tag v1.0
Schematic and PCB Layout
Connectors and Jumpers
J1 - Power
Connect regulated +5V power supply to this connector.
| Pin | Signal Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Tip (the inner contact) | VCC | Positive terminal - +5V |
| Barrel / sleeve | GND | Negative terminal - ground |
J2, J3 - Serial Channel A and Serial Channel B
| Pin | Signal Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | DCD | Carrier Detect; Not used - Not connected on the SBC |
| 2 | RXA, RXB | Receive Data; Input to SBC |
| 3 | TXA, TXB | Transmit Data; Output from SBC |
| 4 | DTR | Data Terminal Ready; Not used - Not connected on the SBC |
| 5 | GND | Connected to the SBC GND signal |
| 6 | DSR | Data Set Ready; Not used - Not connected on the SBC |
| 7 | RTSA, RTSB | Request to Send; Output from SBC |
| 8 | CTSA, CTSB | Clear to Send; Input to SBC |
| 9 | RI | Ring Indicator; Not used - Not connected on the SBC |
| Shield | DE9 Shield | Connected to the SBC GND signal |
J4 - NVRAM Battery
Connect 3V battery for SRAM backup to this connector.
Important: If the SRAM battery backup is not desired, short J4 with a jumper. Do not leave this connector open.
| Pin | Signal Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBAT | Positive terminal - +3V |
| 2 | GND | Negative terminal - ground |
J5, J6, J7 - RC2014 Bus
| Pin | Signal Name | Description | Pin | Signal Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J5-1 | A15 | Address A15; Output | |||
| J5-2 | A14 | Address A14; Output | |||
| J5-3 | A13 | Address A13; Output | |||
| J5-4 | A12 | Address A12; Output | |||
| J5-5 | A11 | Address A11; Output | |||
| J5-6 | A10 | Address A10; Output | |||
| J5-7 | A9 | Address A9; Output | |||
| J5-8 | A8 | Address A8; Output | |||
| J5-9 | A7 | Address A7; Output | |||
| J5-10 | A6 | Address A6; Output | |||
| J5-11 | A5 | Address A5; Output | |||
| J5-12 | A4 | Address A4; Output | |||
| J5-13 | A3 | Address A3; Output | |||
| J5-14 | A2 | Address A2; Output | |||
| J5-15 | A1 | Address A1; Output | |||
| J5-16 | A0 | Address A0; Output | |||
| J5-17 | GND | Ground | J6-1 | GND | Ground |
| J5-18 | VCC | Power Supply - +5V | J6-2 | VCC | Power Supply - +5V |
| J5-19 | /M1 | Machine Cycle One; Output | J6-3 | /RFSH | DRAM refresh; Output |
| J5-20 | /RESET | Reset; Output | J6-4 | N/C | Not connected |
| J5-21 | CPU_CLK | CPU Clock; Output | J6-5 | UART_CLK | UART Clock (1.8432 MHz); Output |
| J5-22 | /INT | Interrupt; Input | J6-6 | /BUSACK | DMA Bus Acknowledge; Output |
| J5-23 | /MREQ | Memory Request; Output | J6-7 | /HALT | Halt; Output |
| J5-24 | /WR | Write Request; Output | J6-8 | /BUSREQ | DMA Bus Request; Input |
| J5-25 | /RD | Read Request; Output | J6-9 | /WAIT | Wait; Input |
| J5-26 | /IORQ | Input/Output Request; Output | J6-10 | /NMI | Non-maskable Interrupt; Input |
| J5-27 | D0 | Data D0; Input/Output | |||
| J5-28 | D1 | Data D1; Input/Output | |||
| J5-29 | D2 | Data D2; Input/Output | |||
| J5-30 | D3 | Data D3; Input/Output | |||
| J5-31 | D4 | Data D4; Input/Output | |||
| J5-32 | D5 | Data D5; Input/Output | |||
| J5-33 | D6 | Data D6; Input/Output | |||
| J5-34 | D7 | Data D7; Input/Output | |||
| J5-35 | TXDA | Channel A, Transmit Data; Output | J7-1 | TXDB | Channel B, Transmit Data; Output |
| J5-36 | RXDA | Channel A, Receive Data; Input | J7-2 | RXDB | Channel B, Receive Data; Input |
| J5-37 | USR1 | User Pin 1, Not connected | J7-3 | USR5 | User Pin 5, Not connected |
| J5-38 | IEI | Interrupt Enable Input | J7-4 | USR6 | User Pin 6, Not connected |
| J5-39 | IEO | Interrupt Enable Output | J7-5 | USR7 | User Pin 7, Not connected |
JP1 - Serial Channel A Clock Select
| Position | Description |
|---|---|
| 1-2 (default) | 1.8432 MHz (115200 bps if using x16 mode) |
| 2-3 | Programmable using CTC channel 0 |
JP2 - Serial Channel B Clock Select
| Position | Description |
|---|---|
| 1-2 (default) | 1.8432 MHz (115200 bps if using x16 mode) |
| 2-3 | Programmable using CTC channel 1 |
Bill of Materials
Version 1.1
Easy Z80 project on Mouser.com - View and order all components except of the PCB.
Easy Z80 project on OSH Park - View and order the PCB.
| Component type | Reference | Description | Quantity | Possible sources and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCB | Easy Z80 PCB - Version 1.1 | 1 | Refer to the RetroBrew Computers Board Inventory page for ordering information, or order from a PCB manufacturer of your choice using provided Gerber or KiCad files | |
| Integrated Circuit | U1 | Z80 CPU, CMOS, 40 pin DIP - Z84C00xxPEG | 1 | Mouser 692-Z84C0010PEG |
| Integrated Circuit | U2 | Z80 CTC, CMOS, 28 pin DIP - Z84C30xxPEG | 1 | Mouser 692-Z84C3010PEG |
| Integrated Circuit | U3 | Z80 SIO/0, CMOS, 40 pin DIP - Z84C40xxPEG | 1 | Mouser 692-Z84C4010PEG |
| Integrated Circuit | U4 | 512 KiB SRAM, 32 pin DIP - AS6C4008 | 1 | Mouser 913-AS6C4008-55PCN |
| Integrated Circuit | U5 | 512 KiB Flash ROM, 32 pin DIP - SST39SF040 | 1 | Mouser 804-39SF0407CPHE |
| Integrated Circuit | U6 | Microprocessor Supervisory Circuit - MAX693 | 1 | Mouser 584-ADM693ANZ; Possible alternatives: MAX693, LTC693, ADM691, MAX691, LTC691, ADM695, MAX695, LTC965, LTC1235 |
| Integrated Circuit | U7, U8 | Dual RS-232 Driver/Receiver - MAX232A | 2 | Mouser 595-TRS202EIN |
| Integrated Circuit | U9 | Simple Programmable Logic Device - ATF16V8B | 1 | Mouser 556-AF16V8B15PU |
| Integrated Circuit | U10, U11 | 4-by-4 Register File - 74HC670 | 2 | Mouser 595-CD74HC670E |
| Integrated Circuit | U12 | Dual Flip Flop - 74HC74 | 1 | Mouser 595-SN74HC74N |
| Oscillator | QG1 | 10 MHz, CMOS oscillator, Half Can | 1 | Mouser 774-MXO45HS-3C-10.0 |
| Oscillator | QG2 | 1.8432 MHz, CMOS oscillator, Half Can | 1 | Mouser 774-MXO45HS-3C-1.8 |
| LED Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | D1 Â Â Â | 3 mm, green LED indicator | 1 Â Â Â | Mouser 859-LTL-4231N |
| Tactile Button | SW1 | 6 mm tactile button, right angle | 1 | Mouser 653-B3F-3152 |
| Connector | J1 | DC Power Jack, 2mm | 1 | Mouser 806-KLDX-0202-A |
| Connector | J2, J3 | Sub-D DE9M, Right Angle, PCB mount | 2 | Mouser 806-K22X-E9P-N-99 |
| Connector | J4 | 2 Pin Header with Friction Lock | 1 | Mouser 571-6404562 |
| Pin Header | J5 - J7 | 40x2 Pin Header, 2.54 mm Pitch, Right Angle | 1 | Mouser 571-9-103326-0 |
| Capacitor | C1 - C14, C16 - C23 | 0.1 uF, MLCC, 5 mm Pitch | 22 | Mouser 594-K104K15X7RF53H5 |
| Capacitor | C24 | 47 uF, 25V, Aluminum Organic Polymer | 1 | Mouser 80-A750EK476M1EAAE40 |
| Resistor Array | RN1 - RN3 | 4.7 k, bussed, 5 pin SIP | 3 | Mouser 652-4605X-AP1-472LF |
| Resistor Array | RN4 | 4.7 k, bussed, 9 pin SIP | 1 | Mouser 652-4609X-AP1-472LF |
| Resistor | R1 | 470 ohm, axial | 1 | Mouser 603-MFR-25FRF52-470R |
| Resistor | R2 - R4 | 10 kohm, 1% tolerance, axial | 3 | Mouser 603-MFR-25FRF5210K |
| Resistor | R5 | 29.4 kohm, 1% tolerance, axial | 1 | Mouser 603-MFR-25FBF52-29K4 |
| Trimmer Resistor | RV1 | 2 kohm, through hole | 1 | Mouser 652-3362P-1-202LF |
| IC Socket | U1, U3 | 40 pin DIP | 2 | Mouser 517-4840-6000-CP |
| IC Socket | U4, U5 | 32 pin DIP | 2 | Mouser 517-4832-6000-CP |
| IC Socket | U2 | 28 pin DIP | 1 | Mouser 517-4828-6000-CP |
| IC Socket | U9 | 20 pin DIP | 1 | Mouser 517-4820-3000-CP |
| IC Socket | U6 - U8, U10, U11 | 16 pin DIP | 5 | Mouser 517-4816-3000-CP |
| IC Socket | U12 | 14 pin DIP | 1 | Mouser 517-4814-3000-CP |
| Oscillator Socket | QG1, QG2 | 4 pin DIP, Half Can | 2 | Mouser 535-1108800 |
Firmware Documentation
BIOS and OS
Easy Z80 is supported by RomWBW v2.9.1 and later. RomWBW includes BIOS, CP/M-80 2.2, Z-System, and a collection of utilities. It also should be possible to run FUZIX on this board.
SPLD Fuse Map
Easy Z80 uses an ATF16V8/GAL16V8 SPLD (U9) for address decode logic. The SPLD fuse map and the SPLD source code are provided in SPLD directory of this repository.
Release Notes
Changes
- Version 1.1
- Add pull-up resistors on the data bus (RN4 - 4.7k) to support Z80 interrupt mode 0
- Use 74HC series instead of 74HCT
- Remove C15
- Use RN reference for resistor arrays instead of RR
- Update silkscreen:
- Make RN1 reference and value visible
- Update silkscreen of headers footprints, so that JP1 and JP2 don't cover the traces
- Add project URL to the bottom silkscreen
- Version 1.0
- Initial version
Known Issues
- Version 1.0
- Top silkscreen: RR1 reference and value are not visible. It should read "RR1, 4.7k"
- Bottom silkscreen on JP1 and JP2 covers the trace connections, so they are not easily visible
- Bottom silkscreen: No project URL. Should be github.com/skiselev/easy_z80
- Board will not reset when C15 is populated. Workaround: Do not populate this capacitor
- Schematic and top silkscreen: Use 74HC series instead of 74HCT
Wishlist
- Version 1.0
- Add pull-ups on the data bus to support extension boards that were not designed for Z80 interrupt mode 2