Disallowed calls for PHPStan
PHPStan rules to detect disallowed calls and more, without running the code.
There are some functions, methods, and constants which should not be used in production code. One good example is var_dump(),
it is often used to quickly debug problems but should be removed before committing the code. And sometimes it's not.
Another example would be a generic logger. Let's say you're using one of the generic logging libraries but you have your own logger that will add some more info, or sanitize data, before calling the generic logger. Your code should not call the generic logger directly but should instead use your custom logger.
This PHPStan extension will detect such usage, if configured. It should be noted that this extension is not a way to defend against or detect hostile developers, as they can obfuscate the calls for example. This extension is meant to be another pair of eyes, detecting your own mistakes, it doesn't aim to detect-all-the-things.
Tests will provide examples what is currently detected. If it's not covered by tests, it might be, but most probably will not be detected.
*Test.php files are the tests, start with those, the analyzed test code is in src, required test classes in libs.
Feel free to file issues or create pull requests if you need to detect more calls.
Installation
Install the extension using Composer:
composer require --dev spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls
PHPStan, the PHP Static Analysis Tool, is a requirement.
If you use phpstan/extension-installer, you are all set and can skip to configuration.
For manual installation, add this to your phpstan.neon:
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/extension.neonConfiguration
You can start by including disallowed-dangerous-calls.neon in your phpstan.neon:
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-dangerous-calls.neondisallowed-dangerous-calls.neon can also serve as a template when you'd like to extend the configuration to disallow some other functions or methods, copy it and modify to your needs.
You can also allow a previously disallowed dangerous call in a defined path (see below) in your own config by using the same call or method key.
If you want to disallow program execution functions (exec(), shell_exec() & friends) including the backtick operator (`...`, disallowed when shell_exec() is disallowed), include disallowed-execution-calls.neon:
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-execution-calls.neonI'd recommend you include both:
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-dangerous-calls.neon
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-execution-calls.neonTo disallow some insecure or potentially insecure calls (like md5(), sha1(), mysql_query()), include disallowed-insecure-calls.neon:
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-insecure-calls.neonSome function calls are better when done for example with some parameters set to a defined value ("strict calls"). For example in_array() better also check for types to prevent some type juggling bugs. Include disallowed-loose-calls.neon to disallow calls without such parameters set ("loose calls").
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-loose-calls.neonDisallow disabled functions & classes
Run bin/generate-from-disabled.php to generate a configuration based on the disable_functions & disable_classes PHP options. The configuration will be dumped to STDOUT in NEON format, you can save it to a file and include it in your PHPStan configuration.
The file needs to be pre-generated because different environments often have different PHP configurations and if disabled functions & classes would be disallowed dynamically, the configuration would vary when executed for example in dev & CI environments.
Custom rules
There are several different types (and configuration keys) that can be disallowed:
disallowedMethodCalls- for detecting$object->method()callsdisallowedStaticCalls- for static callsClass::method()disallowedFunctionCalls- for functions likefunction()disallowedConstants- for constants likeDATE_ISO8601orDateTime::ISO8601(which needs to be split toclass: DateTime&constant: ISO8601in the configuration, see notes below)disallowedNamespacesordisallowedClasses- for usages of classes or classes from a namespacedisallowedSuperglobals- for usages of superglobal variables like$GLOBALSor$_POSTdisallowedAttributes- for attributes like#[Entity(class: Foo::class, something: true)]
Use them to add rules to your phpstan.neon config file. I like to use a separate file (disallowed-calls.neon) for these which I'll include later on in the main phpstan.neon config file. Here's an example, update to your needs:
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()' # `function` is an alias of `method`
message: 'use our own logger instead'
errorTip: 'see https://our-docs.example/logging on how logging should be used'
-
method: 'Redis::connect()'
message: 'use our own Redis instead'
errorIdentifier: 'redis.connect'
disallowedStaticCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Debugger::log()'
message: 'use our own logger instead'
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'var_dump()' # `method` is an alias of `function`
message: 'use logger instead'
-
function: 'print_r()'
message: 'use logger instead'
disallowedConstants:
-
constant: 'DATE_ISO8601'
message: 'use DATE_ATOM instead'
-
class: 'DateTimeInterface'
constant: 'ISO8601'
message: 'use DateTimeInterface::ATOM instead'
disallowedNamespaces: # `disallowedClasses` is an alias of `disallowedNamespaces`
-
class: 'Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RequestStack' # `class` is an alias of `namespace`
message: 'pass Request via controller instead'
allowIn:
- tests/*
-
namespace: 'Assert\*' # `namespace` is an alias of `class`
message: 'use Webmozart\Assert instead'
disallowedSuperglobals:
-
superglobal: '$_GET'
message: 'use the Request methods instead'
disallowedAttributes:
-
attribute: Entity
message: 'use our own custom Entity instead'The message key is optional. Functions and methods can be specified with or without (). Omitting () is not recommended though to avoid confusing method calls with class constants.
If you want to disallow multiple calls, constants, class constants (same-class only), classes, namespaces or variables that share the same message and other config keys, you can use a list or an array to specify them all:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function:
- 'var_dump()'
- 'print_r()'
message: 'use logger instead'
disallowedConstants:
-
class: 'DateTimeInterface'
constant: ['ISO8601', 'RFC3339', 'W3C']
message: 'use DateTimeInterface::ATOM instead'The optional errorTip key can be used to show an additional message prefixed with
The errorIdentifier key is optional. It can be used to provide a unique identifier to the PHPStan error.
Use wildcard (*) to ignore all functions, methods, classes, namespaces starting with a prefix, for example:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'pcntl_*()'The wildcard makes most sense when used as the rightmost character of the function or method name, optionally followed by (), but you can use it anywhere for example to disallow all functions that end with y: function: '*y()'. The matching is powered by fnmatch so you can use even multiple wildcards if you wish because w*y n*t.
If there's this one function, method, namespace, attribute (or multiple of them) that you'd like to exclude from the set, you can do that with exclude:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'pcntl_*()'
exclude:
- 'pcntl_foobar()'This config would disallow all pcntl functions except (an imaginary) pcntl_foobar().
Please note exclude also accepts fnmatch patterns so please be careful to not create a contradicting config, and that it can accept both a string and an array of strings.
Another option how to limit the set of functions or methods selected by the function or method directive is a file path in which these are defined which mostly makes sense when a fnmatch pattern is used in those directives.
Imagine a use case in which you want to disallow any function or method defined in any namespace, or none at all, by this legacy package:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: '*'
definedIn:
- 'vendor/foo/bar'
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: '*'
definedIn:
- 'vendor/foo/bar'
filesRootDir: %rootDir%/../../..Relative paths in definedIn are resolved based on the current working directory. When running PHPStan from a directory or subdirectory which is not your "root" directory, the paths will probably not work.
Use filesRootDir in that case to specify an absolute root directory, you can use %rootDir% to start with PHPStan's root directory (usually /something/something/vendor/phpstan/phpstan) and then .. from there to your "root" directory.
filesRootDir is also used to configure all allowIn directives, see below.
You can treat some language constructs as functions and disallow it in disallowedFunctionCalls. Currently detected language constructs are:
die()echo()empty()eval()exit()print()
To disallow naive object creation (new ClassName() or new $classname), disallow NameSpace\ClassName::__construct in disallowedMethodCalls. Works even when there's no constructor defined in that class.
Disallowing constants
Constants are a special breed. First, a constant needs to be disallowed on the declaring class. That means, that instead of disallowing Date::ISO8601 or DateTimeImmutable::ISO8601, you need to disallow DateTimeInterface::ISO8601.
The reason for this is that one might expect that disallowing e.g. Date::ISO8601 (disallowing on a "used on" class) would also disallow DateTimeImmutable::ISO8601, which unfortunately wouldn't be the case.
Second, disallowing constants doesn't support wildcards. The only real-world use case I could think of is the Date*::CONSTANT case and that can be easily solved by disallowing DateTimeInterface::CONSTANT already.
Last but not least, class constants have to be specified using two keys: class and constant:
parameters:
disallowedConstants:
-
class: 'DateTimeInterface'
constant: 'ISO8601'
message: 'use DateTimeInterface::ATOM instead'Using the fully-qualified name would result in the constant being replaced with its actual value. Otherwise, the extension would see constant: "Y-m-d\TH:i:sO" instead of constant: DateTimeInterface::ISO8601 for example.
Example output
------ --------------------------------------------------------
Line libraries/Report/Processor/CertificateTransparency.php
------ --------------------------------------------------------
116 Calling var_dump() is forbidden, use logger instead
------ --------------------------------------------------------
Allow some previously disallowed calls or attributes
Sometimes, the method, the function, or the constant needs to be called or used once in your code, for example in a custom wrapper. You can use PHPStan's ignoreErrors feature to ignore that one call:
ignoreErrors:
-
message: '#^Calling Redis::connect\(\) is forbidden, use our own Redis instead#' # Needed for the constructor
path: application/libraries/Redis/Redis.php
-
message: '#^Calling print_r\(\) is forbidden, use logger instead#' # Used with $return = true
paths:
- application/libraries/Tls/Certificate.php
- application/libraries/Tls/CertificateSigningRequest.php
- application/libraries/Tls/PublicKey.phpYou can also allow some previously disallowed calls and usages using the allowIn configuration key, for example:
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
message: 'use our own logger instead'
allowIn:
- path/to/some/file-*.php
- tests/*.test.phpPaths in allowIn support fnmatch() patterns.
Relative paths in allowIn are resolved based on the current working directory. When running PHPStan from a directory or subdirectory which is not your "root" directory, the paths will probably not work.
Use filesRootDir in that case to specify an absolute root directory for all allowIn paths. Absolute paths might change between machines (for example your local development machine and a continuous integration machine) but you
can use %rootDir% to start with PHPStan's root directory (usually /something/something/vendor/phpstan/phpstan) and then .. from there to your "root" directory.
For example when PHPStan is installed in /home/foo/vendor/phpstan/phpstan and you're using a configuration like this:
parameters:
filesRootDir: %rootDir%/../../..
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
allowIn:
- path/to/some/file-*.phpthen Logger::log() will be allowed in /home/foo/path/to/some/file-bar.php.
If you need to disallow a methods or a function call, a constant, a namespace, a class, a superglobal, or an attribute usage only in certain paths, as an inverse of allowIn, you can use allowExceptIn (or the disallowIn alias):
parameters:
filesRootDir: %rootDir%/../../..
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
allowExceptIn:
- path/to/some/dir/*.phpThis will disallow PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log() calls in %rootDir%/../../../path/to/some/dir/*.php.
Please note that before version 2.15, filesRootDir was called allowInRootDir which is still supported, but deprecated.
To allow a previously disallowed method or function only when called from a different method or function in any file, use allowInFunctions (or allowInMethods alias):
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
message: 'use our own logger instead'
allowInMethods:
- Foo\Bar\Baz::method()And vice versa, if you need to disallow a method or a function call only when done from a particular method or function, use allowExceptInFunctions (with aliases allowExceptInMethods, disallowInFunctions, disallowInMethods):
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'Controller::redirect()'
message: 'redirect in startup() instead'
allowExceptInMethods:
- Controller\Foo\Bar\*::__construct()The function or method names support fnmatch() patterns.
Allow with specified parameters only
You can also narrow down the allowed items when called with some parameters (applies only to disallowed method, static & function calls, for obvious reasons). Please note that for now, only scalar values are supported in the configuration, not arrays.
For example, you want to disallow calling print_r() but want to allow print_r(..., true).
This can be done with optional allowParamsInAllowed or allowParamsAnywhere configuration keys:
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
message: 'use our own logger instead'
allowIn:
- path/to/some/file-*.php
- tests/*.test.php
allowParamsInAllowed:
-
position: 1
name: 'message'
value: 'foo'
-
position: 2
name: 'alert'
value: true
allowParamsAnywhere:
-
position: 2
name: 'alert'
value: trueWhen using allowParamsInAllowed, calls will be allowed only when they are in one of the allowIn paths, and are called with all parameters listed in allowParamsInAllowed.
With allowParamsAnywhere, calls are allowed when called with all parameters listed no matter in which file. In the example above, the log() method will be disallowed unless called as:
log(..., true)(orlog(..., alert: true)) anywherelog('foo', true)(orlog(message: 'foo', alert: true)) inanother/file.phporoptional/path/to/log.tests.php
Use allowParamsInAllowedAnyValue and allowParamsAnywhereAnyValue if you don't care about the parameter's value but want to make sure the parameter is passed.
Following the previous example:
parameters:
disallowedMethodCalls:
-
method: 'PotentiallyDangerous\Logger::log()'
message: 'use our own logger instead'
allowIn:
- path/to/some/file-*.php
- tests/*.test.php
allowParamsInAllowedAnyValue:
-
position: 2
name: 'alert'
allowParamsAnywhereAnyValue:
-
position: 1
name: 'message'means that you should use (... means any value):
log(...)(orlog(message: ...)) anywherelog(..., ...)(orlog(message: ..., alert: ...)) inanother/file.phporoptional/path/to/log.tests.php
Such configuration only makes sense when both the parameters of log() are optional. If they are required, omitting them would result in an error already detected by PHPStan itself.
Allow calls except when a param has a specified value
Sometimes, it's handy to disallow a function or a method call only when a parameter matches a configured value but allow it otherwise. Please note that currently only scalar values are supported, not arrays.
For example the hash() function, it's fine using it with algorithm families like SHA-2 & SHA-3 (not for passwords though) but you'd like PHPStan to report when it's used with MD5 like hash('md5', ...).
You can use allowExceptParams (or disallowParams), allowExceptCaseInsensitiveParams (or disallowCaseInsensitiveParams), allowExceptParamsInAllowed (or disallowParamsInAllowed) config options to disallow only some calls:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'hash()'
allowExceptCaseInsensitiveParams:
-
position: 1
name: 'algo'
value: 'md5'This will disallow hash() call where the first parameter (or the named parameter algo) is 'md5'. allowExceptCaseInsensitiveParams is used because the first parameter of hash() is case-insensitive (so you can also use 'MD5', or even 'Md5' & 'mD5' if you wish).
To disallow only exact matches, use allowExceptParams:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'foo()'
allowExceptParams:
-
position: 2
value: 'baz'will disallow foo('bar', 'baz') but not foo('bar', 'BAZ').
It's also possible to disallow functions and methods previously allowed by path (using allowIn) or by function/method name (allowInMethods) when they're called with specified parameters, and allow when called with any other parameter. This is done using the allowExceptParamsInAllowed config option.
Take this example configuration:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'waldo()'
allowIn:
- 'views/*'
allowExceptParamsInAllowed:
-
position: 2
value: 'quux'Calling waldo() is disallowed, and allowed back again only when the file is in the views/ subdirectory and waldo() is called in the file with a 2nd parameter being the string quux.
As already demonstrated above, named parameters are also supported:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
-
function: 'json_decode()'
message: 'set the $flags parameter to `JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR` to throw a JsonException'
allowParamsAnywhere:
-
position: 4
name: 'flags'
value: ::JSON_THROW_ON_ERRORThis format allows to detect the value in both cases whether it's used with a traditional positional parameter (e.g. json_decode($foo, null, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR)) or a named parameter (e.g. json_decode($foo, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR)).
All keys are optional but if you don't specify name, the named parameter will not be found in a call like e.g. json_decode($foo, null, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR).
And vice versa, if you don't specify the position key, only the named parameter will be found matching this definition, not the positional one.
You can use shortcuts like
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
# ...
allowParamsAnywhere:
2: true
foo: 'bar'
allowParamsAnywhereAnyValue:
- 2
- foowhich internally expands to
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
# ...
allowParamsAnywhere:
-
position: 2
value: true
-
name: foo
value: 'bar'
allowParamsAnywhereAnyValue:
-
position: 2
-
name: fooBut because the "positional or named" limitation described above applies here as well, I generally don't recommend using these shortcuts and instead recommend specifying both position and name keys.
Allow with specified parameter flags only
Some functions can be called with flags or bitmasks, for example
json_encode($foo, JSON_HEX_TAG | JSON_HEX_APOS | JSON_HEX_QUOT);Let's say you want to disallow json_encode() except when called with JSON_HEX_APOS (integer 4) flag. In the call above, the value of the second parameter (JSON_HEX_TAG | JSON_HEX_APOS | JSON_HEX_QUOT) is 13 (1 | 4 | 8).
For the extension to be able to "find" the 4 in 13, you need to use the ParamFlags family of config options:
allowParamFlagsInAllowedallowParamFlagsAnywhereallowExceptParamFlagsInAllowedordisallowParamFlagsInAllowedallowExceptParamFlagsordisallowParamFlags
They work like their non-flags Param counterparts except they're looking if specific bits in the mask parameter are set.
The json_encode() example mentioned above would look like the following snippet:
parameters:
disallowedFunctionCalls:
function: 'json_encode'
allowParamFlagsAnywhere:
-
position: 2
value: ::JSON_HEX_APOSAllowing previously disallowed attributes
Disallowed PHP attributes can be allowed again using the same configuration as what methods and functions use. For example, to require #[Entity] attribute to always specify $repositoryClass argument, you can use configuration similar to the one below. First, we disallow all #[Entity] attributes, then re-allow them only if they contain the parameter (with any value):
parameters:
disallowedAttributes:
-
attribute: Entity
message: 'you must specify $repositoryClass parameter with Entity'
allowParamsAnywhereAnyValue:
-
position: 1
name: repositoryClassCase-(in)sensitivity
Function names, method names, class names, namespaces are matched irrespective of their case (disallowing print_r will also find print_R calls), while anything else like constants, file names, paths are not.
Detect disallowed calls without any other PHPStan rules
If you want to use this PHPStan extension without running any other PHPStan rules, you can use phpstan.neon config file that looks like this (the customRulesetUsed: true and the missing level key are the important bits):
parameters:
customRulesetUsed: true
includes:
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/extension.neon
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-dangerous-calls.neon
- vendor/spaze/phpstan-disallowed-calls/disallowed-execution-calls.neonRunning tests
If you want to contribute (awesome, thanks!), you should add/run tests for your contributions.
First install dev dependencies by running composer install, then run PHPUnit tests with composer test, see scripts in composer.json. Tests are also run on GitHub with Actions on each push.
You can fix coding style issues automatically by running composer cs-fix.
See also
There's a similar project with a slightly different configuration, created almost at the same time (just a few days difference): PHPStan Banned Code.
Framework or package-specific configurations
- For Nette Framework