react-native-native-runtime
Access the native APIs directly from the React Native JS context!
For now, we support just Objective-C (for iOS/macOS/tvOS devices, but I'll refer to iOS for brevity). Adding support for Java (for Android devices) is on my wishlist for the future.
Installation
Please get in contact if these instructions don't work for you!
# WARNING: only tested with react-native@^0.64.2.
# Will not work on lower versions; *may* work on newer versions.
# Install the npm package
npm install --save react-native-native-runtime
# Install the Cocoapod
cd ios && pod install && cd ..Usage
For now, as I haven't installed the package yet, just clone the repo and play around with example/src/App.tsx.
The Java runtime
The Obj-C runtime
All Obj-C APIs are exposed through a proxy object called objc, which is injected into the JS context's global scope early at run time (provided you have remembered to install the Cocoapod and rebuilt your iOS app since then). Technically it occurs when React Native finds the setBridge method in ios/ObjcRuntime.mm just like for any other iOS native module and then calls the ObjcRuntimeJsi::install() method within.
TypeScript typings?
any type until we make a more lasting solution, most likely based on the NativeScript metadata/typings generator. For now, copy example/src/objc-types.d.ts to get started.
The objc proxy object
As mentioned, this is available in the global scope on any Apple app.
Generally, you'll use the objc proxy object to look up some native data type. If a match is found for the native data type, we wrap it in a C++ HostObject class instance that is shared across to the JS context.
// Class lookup:
// Returns a JS HostObject wrapping a native class.
// This works via the Obj-C runtime helper NSClassFromString,
// so it has O(1) complexity.
objc.NSString;
// Protocol lookup:
// Returns a JS HostObject wrapping a native Protocol (if a class
// with the same name wasn't found first).
// This works via the Obj-C runtime helper NSProtocolFromString,
// so it has O(1) complexity.
objc.NSSecureCoding;
// Constant/variable lookup:
// Returns a JS HostObject wrapping any native global symbol (the
// most common ones being constants and variables).
// This works by looking up the symbol from the executable (a
// fallback undertaken when neither NSClassFromString nor
// NSProtocolFromString return a match for the given string).
// This works via dlsym, so I believe it has O(N) complexity, but
// probably isn't too slow anyway.
objc.NSStringTransformLatinToHiragana;
// Selector lookup:
// Returns a JS HostObject wrapping a native Selector.
// This works via the Obj-C runtime helper NSSelectorFromString, so
// it has O(1) complexity.
// I can't think of a good example for this, but it's possible.
objc.getSelector("NoGoodExample:soWhoKnows:");
// Will return an array of all Obj-C classes and all convenience
// methods, but that's all.
// Does not, for example, list out all constants/variables/protocols
// available. Those have to be looked up individually.
Object.keys(objc);
// Will return the string:
// [object HostObjectObjc]
objc.toString();
// Will cause an infinite loop and crash! Need some advice from JSI
// experts on this.
// It involves the following getters being called in sequence:
// $$typeof -> Symbol.toStringTag -> toJSON -> Symbol.toStringTag ->
// Symbol.toStringTag -> Symbol.toStringTag -> toString
console.log(objc);Host Objects
Again, this is a C++ HostObject class instance that is shared across to the JS context. Don't ask me how the memory-management works! That's one for a JSI expert (and I'd love some code review on my approach).
The objc proxy object is one such HostObject. I've made some others:
- HostObjectClass (wraps a class)
- HostObjectClassInstance (wraps a class instance)
- HostObjectProtocol (wraps a protocol)
- HostObjectSelector (wraps a selector)
TODO: I'll likely make these expand a common abstract class. For now, they all directly extend facebook::jsi::HostObject.
These may expand in future, but the former two cover a huge API surface on their own. I'll focus on documenting those, as the latter two are largely empty skeletons.
HostObjectClass
You can obtain a HostObjectClass by looking up a class on the objc proxy object:
const nSStringClass: objc.NSString = objc.NSString;You can also call class methods (AKA static methods, in other languages) on it:
const voice: objc.AVSpeechSynthesisVoice =
objc.AVSpeechSynthesisVoice['voiceWithLanguage:']('en-GB');We'll cover what you can do with a class instance in the next section.
HostObjectClassInstance
Once you have a class instance, you can call instance methods. The method names mirror the Obj-C selector, hence you'll be seeing a lot of colons. The JS invocation takes as many arguments as the Obj-C selector suggests (each colon indicates one param).
// Initialise an NSString
const hello: objc.NSString =
objc.NSString.alloc()['initWithString:']('Hello');
// Return a new NSString by concatenating it
const helloWorld: objc.NSString =
hello['stringByAppendingString:'](', world!');You will have noticed that we're passing JS primitive types in as parameters. All JS primitive types are marshalled into equivalent Obj-C types:
- string -> NSString
- number -> NSNumber
- boolean -> NSBoolean
- Array -> NSArray
- object -> NSDictionary
- undefined -> nil
- null -> nil
Conversely, you can also marshal the following types from Obj-C to JS:
- NSString -> string
- NSNumber -> number
- NSBoolean -> boolean
- NSArray -> Array (provided each of the constituent values are marshal-friendly)
- NSDictionary -> object (provided each of the constituent values are marshal-friendly)
- kCFNull -> null
- nil -> undefined
Do so using the toJS() method on a HostObjectClassInstance:
// Marshal the NSString to a JS primitive string
console.log(helloWorld.toJS());Beyond that, you can get the keys on the class instance:
// Will return a list of all instance variables, properties, and
// native methods, and some added methods like toString().
// TODO: list out all the *inherited* instance variables,
// properties, and methods as well.
Object.keys(helloWorld);You can also use getters:
// Allocate a native class instance
const utterance: objc.AVSpeechUtterance =
objc.AVSpeechUtterance.alloc()['initWithString:']('Hello, world!');
// Get the property
utterance.voice;... and call setters:
// Allocate a native class instance
const utterance: objc.AVSpeechUtterance =
objc.AVSpeechUtterance.alloc()['initWithString:']('Hello, world!');
// Set properties on it
utterance.voice =
objc.AVSpeechSynthesisVoice['voiceWithLanguage:']('ja-JP');... but both getters and setters are currently very experimental and I need some help from an Obj-C expert to get them right.
Is it complete?
The Java runtime isn't even started yet, for one thing.
The Obj-C runtime lets you do a lot of things already, but it is far from complete. There are some glaring things like lack of console.log() support and incomplete getter/setter support that are high priorities to solve, and peer review from JSI experts is also needed.
Is it production-ready?
No, but you can help that by contributing!
Seriously, expect errors to be thrown if you don't know what you're doing (particularly as there are no TypeScript typings yet).
Contributing
Get in touch on the #objc-runtime channel of the React Native JSI Discord, or send me a message on Twitter!
I'll start putting some issues together to indicate tasks that need help.
Acknowledgements
JSI is an API that is not yet publicly documented, so I've stood on the shoulders of a few giants to get here.
I couldn't have done this without Marc Rousavy's react-native-vision-camera project to refer to (I even make direct use of his JSIUtils helper methods in this codebase). He has done an exceptional amount of work digging into JSI by asking around in GitHub issues and other channels, paving the way for the rest of us.
Thanks also to Oscar Franco for his JSI guides (e.g. this one) and starter template.
I also got a lot of mileage out of Ammar Ahmed's JSI guide, too β well worth a read.
Thank you to Takuya Matsuyama too, for his very minimal react-native-quick-base64 JSI module, and for being one of the first community members to jump into the ring to wrestle with JSI.
License
MIT