nvim_utils.lua

This is a copy of my progress migrating my init.vim to init.lua.

The main utility here is nvim_utils.lua, and everything else is just an example of how I use it.

This utility can be installed with any plugin manager, presumably, such as:

Plug 'norcalli/nvim_utils'

" Then after plug#end()

lua require 'nvim_utils'

Example

local todo_mappings = require 'todo'

function text_object_replace(is_visual_mode)
	local register = nvim.v.register
	local function replace()
		return nvim.fn.getreg(register, 1, 1)
	end
	if is_visual_mode then
		local visual_mode = nvim_visual_mode()
		nvim_buf_transform_region_lines(nil, '<', '>', visual_mode, replace)
	else
		nvim_text_operator_transform_selection(replace)
	end
end

local text_object_mappings = {
	["n xr"]  = { [[<Cmd>lua text_object_replace(false)<CR>]],               noremap = true; };
	["x xr"]  = { [[:lua text_object_replace(true)<CR>]],                    noremap = true; };
	["oil"]   = { [[<Cmd>normal! $v^<CR>]],  noremap = true; };
	["xil"]   = { [[<Cmd>normal! $v^<CR>]],  noremap = true; };
}

local other_mappings = {
	["nY"] = { [["+y]], noremap = true; };
	["xY"] = { [["+y]], noremap = true; };
	-- Highlight current cword
	["n[,"]  = { function()
		-- \C forces matching exact case
		-- \M forces nomagic interpretation
		-- \< and \> denote whole word match
		nvim.fn.setreg("/", ([[\C\M\<%s\>]]):format(nvim.fn.expand("<cword>")), "c")
		nvim.o.hlsearch = true
	end };
	["i<c-a>"] = { function()
		local pos = nvim.win_get_cursor(0)
		local line = nvim.buf_get_lines(0, pos[1] - 1, pos[1], false)[1]
		local _, start = line:find("^%s+")
		nvim.win_set_cursor(0, {pos[1], start})
	end };
}

local mappings = {
	text_object_mappings,
	other_mappings,
}

nvim_apply_mappings(vim.tbl_extend("error", unpack(mappings)), default_options)

FILETYPE_HOOKS = {
	todo = function()
		nvim.command('setl foldlevel=2')
		nvim_apply_mappings(todo_mappings, { buffer = true })
	end;
}


local autocmds = {
	todo = {
		{"BufEnter",     "*.todo", "setl ft=todo"};
		{"FileType",     "todo",   "lua FILETYPE_HOOKS.todo()"};
	};
}

nvim_create_augroups(autocmds)

Things nvim_utils provides

There are two types of things provided:

• nvim is an object which contains shortcut/magic methods that are very useful for mappings
• nvim_* functions which constitute building blocks for APIs like text operators or text manipulation or mappings

Constants

• VISUAL_MODE.{line,char,block}

API Function and Command Shortcuts

All of these methods cache the inital lookup in the metatable, but there is a small overhead regardless.

• nvim.$method(...) redirects to vim.api.nvim_$method(...)
  • e.g. nvim.command(...) == vim.api.nvim_command(...).
  • This is just for laziness.
• nvim.fn.$method(...) redirects to vim.api.nvim_call_function($method, {...})
  • e.g. nvim.fn.expand("%:h") or nvim.fn.has("terminal")
• nvim.ex.$command(...) is approximately :$command flatten({...}).join(" ")
  • e.g. nvim.ex.edit("term://$SHELL") or nvim.ex.startinsert()
  • Since ! isn't a valid identifier character, you can use _ at the end to indicate a !
    • e.g. nvim.ex.nnoremap_("x", "<Cmd>echo hi<CR>")

Variable shortcuts

• nvim.g can be used to get/set g: global variables.
  • e.g. nvim.g.variable == g:variable
  • nvim.g.variable = 123 or nvim.g.variable = nil to delete the variable
  • :h nvim_get_var :h nvim_set_var :h nvim_del_var for more
• nvim.v can be used to get/set v: variables.
  • e.g. nvim.v.count1 == v:count1
  • Useful v: variables, v:register, v:count1, etc..
  • nvim.v.variable = 123 to set the value (when not read-only).
  • :h nvim_get_vvar :h nvim_set_vvar for more
• nvim.b can be used to get/set b: buffer variables for the current buffer.
  • e.g. nvim.b.variable == b:variable
  • nvim.b.variable = 123 or nvim.b.variable = nil to delete the variable
  • :h nvim_buf_get_var :h nvim_buf_set_var :h nvim_buf_del_var for more
• nvim.env can be used to get/set environment variables.
  • e.g. nvim.env.PWD == $PWD
  • nvim.env.TEST = 123 to set the value. Equivalent to let $TEST = 123.
  • :h setreg :h setreg for more. These aren't API functions.
• nvim.o can be used to get/set global options, as in :h options which are set through set.
  • e.g. nvim.o.shiftwidth == &shiftwidth
  • nvim.o.shiftwidth = 8 is equivalent to set shiftwidth=8 or let &shiftwidth = 8
  • :h nvim_get_option :h nvim_set_option for more.
• nvim.bo can be used to get/set buffer options, as in :h options which are set through setlocal.
  • Only for the current buffer.
  • e.g. nvim.bo.shiftwidth == &shiftwidth
  • nvim.bo.shiftwidth = 8 is equivalent to setlocal shiftwidth=8
  • :h nvim_buf_get_option :h nvim_buf_set_option for more.

Extra API functions

• nvim_mark_or_index(buf, input): An enhanced version of nvim_buf_get_mark which also accepts:
  • A number as input: which is taken as a line number.
  • A pair, which is validated and passed through otherwise.
• nvim_buf_get_region_lines(buf, mark_a, mark_b, mode): Return the lines of the selection, respecting selection modes.
  • buf defaults to current buffer. mark_a defaults to '<'. mark_b defaults to '>'. mode defaults to VISUAL_MODE.char
  • block isn't implemented because I haven't gotten around to it yet.
  • Accepts all forms of input that nvim_mark_or_index accepts for mark_a/mark_b.
  • Returns a List.
• nvim_buf_set_region_lines(buf, mark_a, mark_b, mode, lines): Set the lines between the marks.
  • buf defaults to current buffer. mark_a defaults to '<'. mark_b defaults to '>'.
  • lines is a List. Can be greater or less than the number of lines in the region. It will add or delete lines.
  • Only line is currently implemented. This is because to support char, you must have knowledge of the existing lines, and I wasn't going to do potentially expensive operations with a hidden cost.
  • If you want to use char mode, you want to use nvim_buf_transform_region_lines instead.
  • Accepts all forms of input that nvim_mark_or_index accepts for mark_a/mark_b.
• nvim_buf_transform_region_lines(buf, mark_a, mark_b, mode, fn): Transform the lines by calling fn(lines, visualmode) -> lines.
  • buf defaults to current buffer. mark_a defaults to '<'. mark_b defaults to '>'.
  • block isn't implemented because I haven't gotten around to it yet.
  • fn(lines, visualmode) should return a list of lines to set in the region.
  • A result of nil will not modify the region.
  • A result of {} will be changed to {""} which empties the region.
  • Accepts all forms of input that nvim_mark_or_index accepts for mark_a/mark_b.
• nvim_set_selection_lines(lines): Literally just a shortcut to nvim_buf_set_region_lines(0, '<', '>', VISUAL_MODE.line, lines)
• nvim_selection(mode)
  • return table.concat(nvim_buf_get_region_lines(nil, '<', '>', mode or VISUAL_MODE.char), "\n")
• nvim_text_operator(fn): Pass in a callback which will be called like opfunc is for g@ text operators.
  • fn(visualmode) is the format. This doesn't receive any lines, so you can do anything here.
  • If you didn't know about text operators, I suggest :h g@. It sets the region described by motion following g@ to '[,']
  • For example

nvim_text_operator(function(visualmode)
	nvim_print(visualmode, nvim_mark_or_index('['), nvim_mark_or_index(']'))
end)

• nvim_text_operator_transform_selection(fn, force_visual_mode): Just like nvim_text_operator, but different.
  • fn(lines, visualmode) -> lines is the expected format for lines.
  • force_visual_mode can be used to override the visualmode from nvim_text_operator
  • Here's the definition

function nvim_text_operator_transform_selection(fn, forced_visual_mode)
	return nvim_text_operator(function(visualmode)
		nvim_buf_transform_region_lines(nil, "[", "]", forced_visual_mode or visualmode, function(lines)
			return fn(lines, visualmode)
		end)
	end)
end

• nvim_visual_mode(): calls visualmode() but returns one of VISUAL_MODE entries instead of v, V, etc..
• nvim_transform_cword(fn): self explanatory
• nvim_transform_cWORD(fn): self explanatory
• nvim_apply_mappings(mappings, default_options)
  • mappings should be a dictionary.
  • The keys of mapping should start with the type of mapping, e.g. n for normal, x for xmap, v for vmap, ! for map!, o for omap etc. The rest of the key is the mapping for that mode.
    • e.g. n xr is nmap <space>xr. o<CR> is omap <CR> etc.
  • The values should start with the value of the mapping, which is a string or a Lua function.
  • The rest of it are options like silent, expr, nowait, unique, or buffer
  • I implemented buffer support myself. I also implemented the Lua callback support.
    • You can peek at how this is done by nvim_print(LUA_MAPPING, LUA_BUFFER_MAPPING)
  • Other keys supported:
    • dot_repeat: bool. If you want to add support for tpope/vim-repeat, this will call repeat#set for lua function keybindings.
  • For a lot of examples, look at example_dotfiles/init.lua:82.
  • Example:

local mappings = {
	["n af"] = { "<Cmd>RustFmt<CR>", noremap = true; };
	["x af"] = { ":RustFmtRange<CR>", noremap = true; };
	["n AZ"] = { function() nvim_print("hi") end };
}
nvim_apply_mappings(mappings, { buffer = true; silent = true; })

• nvim_create_augroups(definitions)
  • definitions is a map of lists

local autocmds = {
	todo = {
		{"BufEnter",     "*.todo",              "setl ft=todo"};
		{"BufEnter",     "*meus/todo/todo.txt", "setl ft=todo"};
		{"BufReadCmd",   "*meus/todo/todo.txt", [[silent call rclone#load("db:todo/todo.txt")]]};
		{"BufWriteCmd",  "*meus/todo/todo.txt", [[silent call rclone#save("db:todo/todo.txt")]]};
		{"FileReadCmd",  "*meus/todo/todo.txt", [[silent call rclone#load("db:todo/todo.txt")]]};
		{"FileWriteCmd", "*meus/todo/todo.txt", [[silent call rclone#save("db:todo/todo.txt")]]};
	};
	vimrc = {
		{"BufWritePost init.vim nested source $MYVIMRC"};
		{"FileType man setlocal nonumber norelativenumber"};
		{"BufEnter term://* setlocal nonumber norelativenumber"};
	};
}
nvim_create_augroups(autocmds)

Additional functionality

Utilities

• nvim_print(...) is approximately echo vim.inspect({...})
  • it's also defined at nvim.print
  • This is useful for debugging. It can accept multiple arguments.
• nvim_echo(...) is approximately echo table.concat({...}, '\n')
  • it's also defined at nvim.echo
  • It can accept multiple arguments and concatenates them with a space.

Things Lua is missing

• string.startswith
• string.endswith