T-Pot - The All In One Multi Honeypot Platform

T-Pot is the all in one, optionally distributed, multiarch (amd64, arm64) honeypot plattform, supporting 20+ honeypots and countless visualization options using the Elastic Stack, animated live attack maps and lots of security tools to further improve the deception experience.

TL;DR

1. Meet the system requirements. The T-Pot installation needs at least 8-16 GB RAM and 128 GB free disk space as well as a working (outgoing non-filtered) internet connection.
2. Download the T-Pot ISO from GitHub according to your architecture (amd64, arm64) or create it yourself.
3. Install the system in a VM or on physical hardware with internet access.
4. Enjoy your favorite beverage - watch and analyze.
   
   

Table of Contents

• Disclaimer
• Technical Concept
  • Technical Architecture
  • Services
  • User Types
• System Requirements
  • Running in a VM
  • Running on Hardware
  • Running in a Cloud
  • Required Ports
• System Placement
• Installation
  • ISO Based
    • Download ISO Image
    • Create your own ISO Image
  • Post Install
    • Download Debian Netinstall Image
    • Post Install User Method
    • Post Install Auto Method
  • T-Pot Installer
    • Installation Types
    • Standalone
    • Distributed
  • Cloud Deployments
    • Ansible Deployment
    • Terraform Configuration
• First Start
  • Standalone Start
  • Distributed Deployment
  • Community Data Submission
  • Opt-In HPFEEDS Data Submission
• Remote Access and Tools
  • SSH and Cockpit
  • T-Pot Landing Page
  • Kibana Dashboard
  • Attack Map
  • Cyberchef
  • Elasticvue
  • Spiderfoot
• Maintenance
  • Updates
    • Update from 20.06.x
    • Updates for 22.04.x
  • Known Issues
    • Grub Fails to Reconfigure
    • Docker Images Fail to Download
    • Network Interface Fails
  • Start T-Pot
  • Stop T-Pot
  • T-Pot Data Folder
  • Log Persistence
  • Clean Up
  • Show Containers
  • Blackhole
  • Add Users to Nginx (T-Pot WebUI)
  • Import and Export Kibana Objects
  • Switch Editions
  • Redeploy Hive Sensor
  • Adjust tpot.yml
  • Enable Cockpit 2FA
• Troubleshooting
  • Logging
  • Fail2Ban
  • RAM
• Contact
  • Issues
  • Discussions
• Licenses
• Credits
• Testimonials
  
  

Disclaimer

• You install and run T-Pot within your responsibility. Choose your deployment wisely as a system compromise can never be ruled out.
• For fast help research the Issues and Discussions.
• The software is designed and offered with best effort in mind. As a community and open source project it uses lots of other open source software and may contain bugs and issues. Report responsibly.
• Honeypots - by design - should not host any sensitive data. Make sure you don't add any.
• By default, your data is submitted to Sicherheitstacho. You can disable this in the config (/opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml) by removing the ewsposter section. But in this case sharing really is caring!
  
  

Technical Concept

T-Pot is based on the Debian 11 (Bullseye) Netinstaller and utilizes docker and docker-compose to reach its goal of running as many tools as possible simultaneously and thus utilizing the host's hardware to its maximum.

T-Pot offers docker images for the following honeypots ...

• adbhoney,
• ciscoasa,
• citrixhoneypot,
• conpot,
• cowrie,
• ddospot,
• dicompot,
• dionaea,
• elasticpot,
• endlessh,
• glutton,
• heralding,
• hellpot,
• honeypots,
• honeytrap,
• ipphoney,
• log4pot,
• mailoney,
• medpot,
• redishoneypot,
• sentrypeer,
• snare,
• tanner

... alongside the following tools ...

• Cockpit for a lightweight and secure WebManagement and WebTerminal.
• Cyberchef a web app for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.
• Elastic Stack to beautifully visualize all the events captured by T-Pot.
• Elasticvue a web front end for browsing and interacting with an Elasticsearch cluster.
• Fatt a pyshark based script for extracting network metadata and fingerprints from pcap files and live network traffic.
• T-Pot-Attack-Map a beautifully animated attack map for T-Pot.
• P0f is a tool for purely passive traffic fingerprinting.
• Spiderfoot an open source intelligence automation tool.
• Suricata a Network Security Monitoring engine.

... to give you the best out-of-the-box experience possible and an easy-to-use multi-honeypot appliance.

Technical Architecture

The source code and configuration files are fully stored in the T-Pot GitHub repository. The docker images are built and preconfigured for the T-Pot environment.

The individual Dockerfiles and configurations are located in the docker folder.

Services

T-Pot offers a number of services which are basically divided into five groups:

1. System services provided by the OS
   • SSH for secure remote access.
   • Cockpit for web based remote access, management and web terminal.
2. Elastic Stack
   • Elasticsearch for storing events.
   • Logstash for ingesting, receiving and sending events to Elasticsearch.
   • Kibana for displaying events on beautifully rendered dashboards.
3. Tools
   • NGINX provides secure remote access (reverse proxy) to Kibana, CyberChef, Elasticvue, GeoIP AttackMap and Spiderfoot.
   • CyberChef a web app for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.
   • Elasticvue a web front end for browsing and interacting with an Elasticsearch cluster.
   • T-Pot Attack Map a beautifully animated attack map for T-Pot.
   • Spiderfoot an open source intelligence automation tool.
4. Honeypots
   • A selection of the 22 available honeypots based on the selected edition and / or setup.
5. Network Security Monitoring (NSM)
   • Fatt a pyshark based script for extracting network metadata and fingerprints from pcap files and live network traffic.
   • P0f is a tool for purely passive traffic fingerprinting.
   • Suricata a Network Security Monitoring engine.
     
     

User Types

During the installation and during the usage of T-Pot there are two different types of accounts you will be working with. Make sure you know the differences of the different account types, since it is by far the most common reason for authentication errors and fail2ban lockouts.

System Requirements

Depending on the installation setup, edition, installing on real hardware, in a virtual machine or cloud there are different kind of requirements to be met regarding OS, RAM, storage and network for a successful installation of T-Pot (you can always adjust /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml to your needs to overcome these requirements).

All T-Pot installations will require ...

• an IP address via DHCP
• a working, non-proxied, internet connection

... for an installation to succeed.

If you need proxy support or static IP addresses please review the Debian and / or Docker documentation.

Running in a VM

T-Pot is reported to run with the following hypervisors, however not each and every combination is tested.

• UTM (Intel & Apple Silicon)
• VirtualBox
• VMWare vSphere / ESXi
• VMWare Fusion and VMWare Workstation
• KVM is reported to work as well.

Some configuration hints:

• While Intel versions run stable, Apple Silicon (arm64) support for Debian has known issues which in UTM may require switching Display to Console Only during initial installation of T-Pot / Debian and afterwards back to Full Graphics.
• During configuration you may need to enable promiscuous mode for the network interface in order for fatt, suricata and p0f to work properly.
• If you want to use a wifi card as a primary NIC for T-Pot, please be aware that not all network interface drivers support all wireless cards. In VirtualBox e.g. you have to choose the "MT SERVER" model of the NIC.
  
  

Running on Hardware

T-Pot is tested on and known to run with ...

• IntelNUC series (only some tested)
• Some generic Intel hardware

Since the number of possible hardware combinations is too high to make general recommendations. If you are unsure, you should test the hardware with the T-Pot ISO image or use the post install method.

Running in a Cloud

T-Pot is tested on and known to run on ...

• Telekom OTC using the post install method
• Amazon AWS using the post install method (somehow limited)

Some users report working installations on other clouds and hosters, i.e. Azure and GCP. Hardware requirements may be different. If you are unsure you should research issues and discussions and run some functional tests. Cloud support is a community developed feature and hyperscalers are known to adjust linux images, so expect some necessary adjustments on your end.

Required Ports

Besides the ports generally needed by the OS, i.e. obtaining a DHCP lease, DNS, etc. T-Pot will require the following ports for incoming / outgoing connections. Review the T-Pot Architecture for a visual representation. Also some ports will show up as duplicates, which is fine since used in different editions.

Ports and availability of SaaS services may vary based on your geographical location. Also during the first install outgoing ICMP / TRACEROUTE is required additionally to find the closest and fastest mirror to you.

For some honeypots to reach full functionality (i.e. Cowrie or Log4Pot) outgoing connections are necessary as well, in order for them to download the attackers malware. Please see the individual honeypot's documentation to learn more by following the links to their repositories.

System Placement

It is recommended to get yourself familiar with how T-Pot and the honeypots work before you start exposing towards the internet. For a quickstart run a T-Pot installation in a virtual machine.

Once you are familiar with how things work you should choose a network you suspect intruders in or from (i.e. the internet). Otherwise T-Pot will most likely not capture any attacks (unless you want to prove a point)! For starters it is recommended to put T-Pot in an unfiltered zone, where all TCP and UDP traffic is forwarded to T-Pot's network interface. To avoid probing for T-Pot's management ports you can put T-Pot behind a firewall and forward all TCP / UDP traffic in the port range of 1-64000 to T-Pot while allowing access to ports > 64000 only from trusted IPs and / or only expose the ports relevant to your use-case. If you wish to catch malware traffic on unknown ports you should not limit the ports you forward since glutton and honeytrap dynamically bind any TCP port that is not covered by other honeypot daemons and thus give you a better representation of the risks your setup is exposed to.

Installation

The T-Pot installation is offered in different variations. While the overall installation of T-Pot is straightforward it heavily depends on a working, non-proxied (unless you made modifications) up and running internet connection (also see required outgoing ports). If these conditions are not met the installation will fail! either during the execution of the Debian Installer, after the first reboot before the T-Pot Installer is starting up or while the T-Pot installer is trying to download all the necessary dependencies.

ISO Based

Installing T-Pot based on an ISO image is basically the same routine as with any other ISO based Linux distribution. Running on hardware You copy the ISO file to an USB drive (i.e. with Etcher) and boot into the Debian installer and choose to install T-Pot or you mount the ISO image as a virtual drive in one of the supported hypervisors.

Download ISO Image

On the T-Pot release page you will find two prebuilt ISO images for download tpot_amd64.iso and tpot_arm64.iso. Both are based on Debian 11 for x64 / arm64 based hardware. So far ARM64 support is limited, but works mostly fine with UTM based VMs on Apple Silicon (M1x) Macs.

Create your own ISO Image

In case you want to modify T-Pot for your environment or simply want to take things into your own hands you can use the ISO Creator to build your own ISO image.

Requirements to create the ISO image:

• Debian 11 as host system (others may work, but remain untested)
• 4GB of free RAM
• 32GB of free storage
• A working internet connection

Steps to create the ISO image:

1. Clone the repository and enter it.

git clone https://github.com/telekom-security/tpotce
cd tpotce

2. Run makeiso.sh to build the ISO image. The script will download and install dependencies necessary to build the image. It will further download the Debian Netiso installer image (~50-150MB) which T-Pot is based on.

sudo ./makeiso.sh

3. After a successful build, you will find the ISO image tpot_[amd64,arm64].iso along with a SHA256 checksum tpot_[amd64,arm64].sha256 based on your architecture choice in your folder.
   
   

Post Install

In some cases it is necessary to install T-Pot after you installed Debian, i.e. your provider does not offer you the option of an ISO based installation, you need special drivers for your hardware to work, or you want to experiment with ARM64 hardware that is not supported by the ISO image. In that case you can clone the T-Pot repository on your own. Make sure you understand the different user types before setting up your OS.

Download Debian Netinstall Image

Since T-Pot is based on the Debian Netinstall Image (amd64, arm64) it is heavily recommended you use this image, too, if possible. It is very lightweight and only offers to install core services.

Post Install User Method

The post install method must be executed by the root (sudo su -, su -), just follow the following steps:

git clone https://github.com/telekom-security/tpotce
cd tpotce/iso/installer/
./install.sh --type=user

The installation will now start, you can now move on to the T-Pot Installer section.

Post-Install Auto Method

You can also let the installer run automatically if you provide your own tpot.conf. An example is available in tpotce/iso/installer/tpot.conf.dist. This should make things easier in case you want to automate the installation i.e. with Ansible.

Just follow these steps while adjusting tpot.conf to your needs:

git clone https://github.com/telekom-security/tpotce
cd tpotce/iso/installer/
cp tpot.conf.dist tpot.conf
./install.sh --type=auto --conf=tpot.conf

T-Pot Installer

Usage of the T-Pot Installer is mostly self explanatory, since the installer will guide you through the setup process. Depending on your installation method ISO Based or Post Install you will be asked to create a password for the user tsec and / or create a <web-username> and password. Make sure to remember the username and passwords you understand their meanings outlined in User Types.

Installation Types

In the past T-Pot was only available as a standalone solution with all services, tools, honeypots, etc. installed on to a single machine. Based on demand T-Pot now also offers a distributed solution. While the standalone solution does not require additional explanation the distributed option requires you to select different editions (or flavors).

Standalone

With T-Pot Standalone all services, tools, honeypots, etc. will be installed on to a single host. Make sure to meet the system requirements. You can choose from various predefined T-Pot editions (or flavors) depending on your personal use-case (you can always adjust /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml to your needs). Once the installation is finished you can proceed to First Start.

Distributed

The distributed version of T-Pot requires at least two hosts

• the T-Pot HIVE, which will host the Elastic Stack and T-Pot tools (install this first!),
• and a T-Pot HIVE_SENSOR, which will host the honeypots and transmit log data to the HIVE's Elastic Stack.

To finalize the HIVE_SENSOR installation continue to Distributed Deployment.

Cloud Deployments

Located in the cloud folder.
Currently there are examples for Ansible & Terraform.
If you would like to contribute, you can add other cloud deployments like Chef or Puppet or extend current methods with other cloud providers.

Please note: Cloud providers usually offer adjusted Debian OS images, which might not be compatible with T-Pot. There is no cloud provider support provided of any kind.

Ansible Deployment

You can find an Ansible based T-Pot deployment in the cloud/ansible folder.
The Playbook in the cloud/ansible/openstack folder is reusable for all OpenStack clouds out of the box.

It first creates all resources (security group, network, subnet, router), deploys one (or more) new servers and then installs and configures T-Pot on them.

You can have a look at the Playbook and easily adapt the deploy role for other cloud providers. Check out Ansible Galaxy for more cloud collections.

Please note: Cloud providers usually offer adjusted Debian OS images, which might not be compatible with T-Pot. There is no cloud provider support provided of any kind.

Terraform Configuration

You can find a Terraform configuration in the cloud/terraform folder. This can be used to launch a virtual machine, bootstrap any dependencies and install T-Pot in a single step.

Configurations for Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Open Telekom Cloud (OTC) are currently included.
This can easily be extended to support other Terraform providers.

Please note: Cloud providers usually offer adjusted Debian OS images, which might not be compatible with T-Pot. There is no cloud provider support provided of any kind.

First Start

Once the T-Pot Installer successfully finishes, the system will automatically reboot and you will be presented with the T-Pot login screen. Logins are according to the User Types:

• user: [tsec or <os_username>]
• pass: [password]

You can login from your browser and access Cockpit: https://<your.ip>:64294 or via SSH to access the command line: ssh -l [tsec,<os_username>] -p 64295 <your.ip>:

• user: [tsec or <os_username>]
• pass: [password]

You can also login from your browser and access the Nginx (T-Pot Web UI and tools): https://<your.ip>:64297

• user: [<web_user>]
• pass: [password]
  
  

Standalone First Start

There is not much to do except to login and check via dps.sh if all services and honeypots are starting up correctly and login to Kibana and / or Geoip Attack Map to monitor the attacks.

Distributed Deployment

With the distributed deployment firstly login to HIVE and the HIVE_SENSOR and check via dps.sh if all services and honeypots are starting up correctly. Once you have confirmed everything is working fine you need to deploy the HIVE_SENSOR to the HIVE in order to transmit honeypot logs to the Elastic Stack.

For deployment simply keep the HIVE login data ready and follow these steps while the deploy.sh script will setup the HIVE and HIVE_SENSOR for securely shipping and receiving logs:

sudo su -
deploy.sh

The script will ask for the HIVE login data, the HIVE IP address, will create SSH keys accordingly and deploy them securely over a SSH connection to the HIVE. On the HIVE machine a user with the HIVE_SENSOR hostname is created, belonging to a user group tpotlogs which may only open a SSH tunnel via port 64295 and transmit Logstash logs to port 127.0.0.1:64305, with no permission to login on a shell. You may review the config in /etc/ssh/sshd_config and the corresponding autossh settings in docker/elk/logstash/dist/entrypoint.sh. Settings and keys are stored in /data/elk/logstash and loaded as part of /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml.

Community Data Submission

T-Pot is provided in order to make it accessible to all interested in honeypots. By default, the captured data is submitted to a community backend. This community backend uses the data to feed Sicherheitstacho. You may opt out of the submission by removing the # Ewsposter service from /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml by following these steps:

1. Stop T-Pot services: systemctl stop tpot
2. Open tpot.yml: vi /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml
3. Remove the following lines, save and exit vi (:x!):

# Ewsposter service
  ewsposter:
    container_name: ewsposter
    restart: always
    networks:
     - ewsposter_local
    environment:
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_ENABLE=false
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_HOST=host
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_PORT=port
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_CHANNELS=channels
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_IDENT=user
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_SECRET=secret
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_TLSCERT=false
     - EWS_HPFEEDS_FORMAT=json
    env_file:
     - /opt/tpot/etc/compose/elk_environment
    image: "dtagdevsec/ewsposter:2203"
    volumes:
     - /data:/data
     - /data/ews/conf/ews.ip:/opt/ewsposter/ews.ip

4. Start T-Pot services: systemctl start tpot

It is encouraged not to disable the data submission as it is the main purpose of the community approach - as you all know sharing is caring 😍

Opt-In HPFEEDS Data Submission

As an Opt-In it is now possible to also share T-Pot data with 3rd party HPFEEDS brokers.
If you want to share your T-Pot data you simply have to register an account with a 3rd party broker with its own benefits towards the community. You simply run hpfeeds_optin.sh which will ask for your credentials. It will automatically update /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml to deliver events to your desired broker.

The script can accept a config file as an argument, e.g. ./hpfeeds_optin.sh --conf=hpfeeds.cfg

Your current config will also be stored in /data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg where you can review or change it.
Be sure to apply any changes by running ./hpfeeds_optin.sh --conf=/data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg.
No worries: Your old config gets backed up in /data/ews/conf/hpfeeds.cfg.old

Of course you can also rerun the hpfeeds_optin.sh script to change and apply your settings interactively.

Remote Access and Tools

T-Pot comes with some pre-installed services and tools which will make some of your research tasks or accessing T-Pot remote a lot easier.

SSH and Cockpit

According to the User Types you can login from your browser and access Cockpit: https://<your.ip>:64294 or via SSH to access the command line: ssh -l [tsec,<os_username>] -p 64295 <your.ip>:

• user: [tsec or <os_username>]
• pass: [password]

Especially if you do not have a SSH client at hand and still want to access the machine with a command line option you can do so by accessing Cockpit. You can also add two factor authentication to Cockpit just by running 2fa.sh on the command line.

T-Pot Landing Page

According to the User Types you can open the T-Pot Landing Page from your browser via https://<your.ip>:64297:

• user: [<web_user>]
• pass: [password]

Kibana Dashboard

On the T-Pot Landing Page just click on Kibana and you will be forwarded to Kibana. You can select from a large variety of dashboards and visualizations all tailored to the T-Pot supported honeypots.

Attack Map

On the T-Pot Landing Page just click on Attack Map and you will be forwarded to the Attack Map. Since the Attack Map utilizes web sockets you need to re-enter the <web_user> credentials.

Cyberchef

On the T-Pot Landing Page just click on Cyberchef and you will be forwarded to Cyberchef.

Elasticvue

On the T-Pot Landing Page just click on Elastivue and you will be forwarded to Elastivue.

Spiderfoot

On the T-Pot Landing Page just click on Spiderfoot and you will be forwarded to Spiderfoot.

Maintenance

T-Pot is designed to be low maintenance. Basically there is nothing you have to do but let it run, however you should read this section closely.

Updates

While security updates are installed automatically by the OS and docker images are pulled once per day (/etc/crontab) to check for updated images, T-Pot offers the option to be updated to the latest master and / or upgrade a previous version. Updating and upgrading always introduces the risk of losing your data, so it is heavily encouraged to backup your machine before proceeding.

Should an update fail, opening an issue or a discussion will help to improve things in the future, but the solution will always be to perform a fresh install as we simply cannot provide any support for lost data!

If you made any relevant changes to the T-Pot config files make sure to create a backup first!

Updates may have unforeseen consequences. Create a backup of the machine or the files with the most value to your work!

The update script will ...

• mercilessly overwrite local changes to be in sync with the T-Pot master branch
• upgrade the system to the latest packages available for the installed Debian version
• update all resources to be in sync with the T-Pot master branch
• ensure all T-Pot relevant system files will be patched / copied into the original T-Pot state
• restore your custom ews.cfg and HPFEED settings from /data/ews/conf

Update from 20.06.x

Due to massive changes in Elasticsearch automated updates from 20.06.x are no longer available. If you have not upgraded already a fresh install with 22.04.x is required.

Updates for 22.04.x

If you are already running T-Pot 22.04.x you simply run the update script after you backed up any relevant data:

sudo su -
cd /opt/tpot/
./update.sh

Known Issues

The following issues are known, simply follow the described steps to solve them.

Grub Fails to Reconfigure

In some cases Grub fails to reconfigure, follow these commands to correct that error:

sudo su -
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=dialog dpkg --configure grub-pc

Docker Images Fail to Download

Some time ago Docker introduced download rate limits. If you are frequently downloading Docker images via a single or shared IP, the IP address might have exhausted the Docker download rate limit. Login to your Docker account to extend the rate limit.

sudo su -
docker login

Network Interface Fails

After the installation it is possible your network interfaces are using a different naming scheme (ens => eth). In this case you need to adjust /etc/network/interfaces to reflect your NIC.

Example:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto ens33
iface ens33 inet dhcp

ifconfig / ip a revealed the interface is now named eth0, so you need to adjust interfaces accordingly:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Start T-Pot

The T-Pot service automatically starts and stops on each reboot (which occurs once on a daily basis as setup in /etc/crontab during installation).
If you want to manually start the T-Pot service you can do so via systemctl start tpot and observe via dps.sh 1 the startup of the containers.

Stop T-Pot

The T-Pot service automatically starts and stops on each reboot (which occurs once on a daily basis as setup in /etc/crontab during installation).
If you want to manually stop the T-Pot service you can do so via systemctl stop tpot and observe via dps.sh 1 the shutdown of the containers.

T-Pot Data Folder

All persistent log files from the honeypots, tools and T-Pot related services are stored in /data. This includes collected artifacts which are not transmitted to the Elastic Stack.

Log Persistence

All log data stored in the T-Pot Data Folder will be persisted for 30 days by default. The persistence for the log files can be changed in /opt/tpot/etc/logrotate/logrotate.conf.
Elasticsearch indices are handled by the tpot Index Lifecycle Policy which can be adjusted directly in Kibana.

By default the tpot Index Lifecycle Policy keeps the indices for 30 days. This offers a good balance between storage and speed. However you may adjust the policy to your needs.

Clean Up

All log data stored in the T-Pot Data Folder (except for Elasticsearch indices, of course) can be erased by running clean.sh.

Show Containers

You can show all T-Pot relevant containers by running dps.sh or dps.sh [interval]. The interval (s) will re-run dps.sh automatically. You may also run glances which will also give you more insight into system usage and available resources while still showing the containers running.

Blackhole

Some users reported they wanted to have the option to run T-Pot in some sort of stealth mode without permanent visits of publicly known scanners and thus reducing the possibility of being exposed. While this is of course always a cat and mouse game T-Pot now offers a blackhole feature that is null routing all requests from known mass scanners while still catching the events through Suricata.
The feature is activated by running blackhole.sh add which will download the mass scanner ip list, add the blackhole routes and re-add keep them active until blackhole.sh del permanently removes them.
Enabling this feature will drastically reduce some attackers visibility and consequently result in less activity. However as already mentioned it is neither a guarantee for being completely stealth nor will it prevent fingerprinting of some honeypot services.

Add Users to Nginx (T-Pot WebUI)

Nginx (T-Pot WebUI) allows to add as many <web_user> accounts as you want (according to the User Types).

To add a new user just follow these steps:

sudo su -
systemctl stop tpot
htpasswd /data/nginx/conf/nginxpasswd <username>
> New password:
> Re-type new password:
> Adding password for user foobar
systemctl start tpot

If you want to remove users you just modify nginxpasswd with vi or any other editor, remove the corresponding line and restart T-Pot again.

Import and Export Kibana Objects

Some T-Pot updates will require you to update the Kibana objects. Either to support new honeypots or to improve existing dashboards or visualizations. Make sure to export first so you do not loose any of your adjustments.

Export

1. Go to Kibana
2. Click on "Stack Management"
3. Click on "Saved Objects"
4. Click on "Export <no.> objects"
5. Click on "Export all" This will export a NDJSON file with all your objects. Always run a full export to make sure all references are included.

Import

1. Download the NDJSON file and unzip it.
2. Go to Kibana
3. Click on "Stack Management"
4. Click on "Saved Objects"
5. Click on "Import" and leave the defaults (check for existing objects and automatically overwrite conflicts) if you did not make personal changes to the Kibana objects.
6. Browse NDJSON file When asked: "If any of the objects already exist, do you want to automatically overwrite them?" you answer with "Yes, overwrite all".
   
   

Switch Editions

You can switch between T-Pot editions (flavors) by running tped.sh.

Redeploy Hive Sensor

In case you need to re-deploy your Hive Sensor, i.e. the IP of your Hive has changed or you want to move the Hive Sensor to a new Hive, you simply follow these commands:

sudo su -
systemctl stop tpot
rm /data/elk/logstash/*
deploy.sh
reboot

Adjust tpot.yml

Maybe the available T-Pot editions do not apply to your use-case or you need a different set of honeypots. You can adjust /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml to your own preference. If you need examples of how this works, just follow the configuration of the existing editions (docker-compose files) in /opt/tpot/etc/compose and follow the Docker Compose Specification.

sudo su -
systemctl stop tpot
vi /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml
docker-compose -f /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml up (to see if everything works, CTRL+C)
docker-compose -f /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml down -v
systemctl start tpot 

Enable Cockpit 2FA

You can enable two-factor-authentication for Cockpit by running 2fa.sh.

Troubleshooting

Generally T-Pot is offered as is without any commitment regarding support. Issues and discussions can be opened, but be prepared to include basic necessary info, so the community is able to help.

Logging

• Check if your containers are running correctly: dps.sh

• Check if your system resources are not exhausted: htop, glances

• Check if there is a port conflict:

systemctl stop tpot
grc netstat -tulpen
vi /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml up
docker-compose -f /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml up
CTRL+C
docker-compose -f /opt/tpot/etc/tpot.yml down -v

• Check container logs: docker logs -f <container_name>

• Check if you were locked out by fail2ban.
  
  

Fail2Ban

If you cannot login there are probably three possible reasons:

1. You need to review User Types and understand the different users.
2. You are trying to SSH into T-Pot, but use tcp/22 instead of tcp/64295 or were using the incorrect user for Cockpit or Nginx (T-Pot WebUI).
3. You had too many wrong attempts from the above and got locked out by fail2ban.

To resolve Fail2Ban lockouts run fail2ban-client status:

fail2ban-client status
Status
|- Number of jail:	3
nginx-http-auth, pam-generic, sshd

nginx-http-auth refers to missed BasicAuth login attempts (Nginx / T-Pot WebUI) on tcp/64295

sshd refers to missed OS SSH login attempts on tcp/64295

pam-generic refers to missed OS Cockpit login attempts on tcp/64294

Check all jails, i.e. sshd:

fail2ban-client status sshd
Status for the jail: sshd
|- Filter
|  |- Currently failed:	0
|  |- Total failed:	0
|  `- File list:	/var/log/auth.log
`- Actions
   |- Currently banned:	0
   |- Total banned:	0
   `- Banned IP list:

If there are any banned IPs you can unban these with fail2ban-client unban --all or fail2ban-client unban <ip>.

RAM and Storage

The Elastic Stack is hungry for RAM, specifically logstash and elasticsearch. If the Elastic Stack is unavailable, does not receive any logs or simply keeps crashing it is most likely a RAM or Storage issue. While T-Pot keeps trying to restart the services / containers run docker logs -f <container_name> (either logstash or elasticsearch) and check if there are any warnings or failures involving RAM.

Storage failures can be identified easier via htop or glances.

Contact

T-Pot is provided as is open source without any commitment regarding support (see the disclaimer).

If you are a company or institution and wish a personal contact aside from issues and discussions please get in contact with our sales team.

If you are a security researcher and want to responsibly report an issue please get in touch with our CERT.

Issues

Please report issues (errors) on our GitHub Issues, but troubleshoot first. Issues not providing information to address the error will be closed or converted into discussions.

Feel free to use the search function, it is possible a similar issue has been addressed already, with the solution just a search away.

Discussions

General questions, ideas, show & tell, etc. can be addressed on our GitHub Discussions.

Feel free to use the search function, it is possible a similar discussion has been opened already, with an answer just a search away.

Licenses

The software that T-Pot is built on uses the following licenses.
GPLv2: conpot, dionaea, honeytrap, suricata
GPLv3: adbhoney, elasticpot, ewsposter, log4pot, fatt, heralding, ipphoney, redishoneypot, sentrypeer, snare, tanner
Apache 2 License: cyberchef, dicompot, elasticsearch, logstash, kibana, docker
MIT license: ciscoasa, ddospot, elasticvue, glutton, hellpot, maltrail
Unlicense: endlessh
Other: citrixhoneypot, cowrie, mailoney, Debian licensing, Elastic License
AGPL-3.0: honeypots

Credits

Without open source and the fruitful development community (we are proud to be a part of), T-Pot would not have been possible! Our thanks are extended but not limited to the following people and organizations:

The developers and development communities of

• adbhoney
• apt-fast
• bento
• ciscoasa
• citrixhoneypot
• cockpit
• conpot
• cowrie
• ddospot
• debian
• dicompot
• dionaea
• docker
• elasticpot
• elasticsearch
• elasticvue
• endlessh
• ewsposter
• fatt
• glutton
• hellpot
• heralding
• honeypots
• honeytrap
• ipphoney
• kibana
• logstash
• log4pot
• mailoney
• maltrail
• medpot
• p0f
• redishoneypot
• sentrypeer,
• spiderfoot
• snare
• tanner
• suricata

The following companies and organizations

• debian
• docker
• elastic.io
• honeynet project
• intel

... and of course you for joining the community!

Testimonials

One of the greatest feedback we have gotten so far is by one of the Conpot developers:
"[...] I highly recommend T-Pot which is ... it's not exactly a swiss army knife .. it's more like a swiss army soldier, equipped with a swiss army knife. Inside a tank. A swiss tank. [...]"

And from @robcowart (creator of ElastiFlow):
"#TPot is one of the most well put together turnkey honeypot solutions. It is a must-have for anyone wanting to analyze and understand the behavior of malicious actors and the threat they pose to your organization."

Thank you!