voyager
With voyager you can easily extract structured data from websites.
Write your own crawler/scraper with voyager following a state machine model.
Example
The examples use tokio as its runtime, so your Cargo.toml could look like this:
[dependencies]
voyager = { version = "0.1" }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }Declare your own Scraper and model
// Declare your scraper, with all the selectors etc.
struct HackernewsScraper {
post_selector: Selector,
author_selector: Selector,
title_selector: Selector,
comment_selector: Selector,
max_page: usize,
}
/// The state model
#[derive(Debug)]
enum HackernewsState {
Page(usize),
Post,
}
/// The ouput the scraper should eventually produce
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Entry {
author: String,
url: Url,
link: Option<String>,
title: String,
}Implement the voyager::Scraper trait
A Scraper consists of two associated types:
Output, the type the scraper eventually producesState, the type, the scraper can drag along several requests that eventually lead to anOutput
and the scrape callback, which is invoked after each received response.
Based on the state attached to response you can supply the crawler with new urls to visit with, or without a state attached to it.
Scraping is done with causal-agent/scraper.
impl Scraper for HackernewsScraper {
type Output = Entry;
type State = HackernewsState;
/// do your scraping
fn scrape(
&mut self,
response: Response<Self::State>,
crawler: &mut Crawler<Self>,
) -> Result<Option<Self::Output>> {
let html = response.html();
if let Some(state) = response.state {
match state {
HackernewsState::Page(page) => {
// find all entries
for id in html
.select(&self.post_selector)
.filter_map(|el| el.value().attr("id"))
{
// submit an url to a post
crawler.visit_with_state(
&format!("https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id={}", id),
HackernewsState::Post,
);
}
if page < self.max_page {
// queue in next page
crawler.visit_with_state(
&format!("https://news.ycombinator.com/news?p={}", page + 1),
HackernewsState::Page(page + 1),
);
}
}
HackernewsState::Post => {
// scrape the entry
let entry = Entry {
// ...
};
return Ok(Some(entry))
}
}
}
Ok(None)
}
}Setup and collect all the output
Configure the crawler with via CrawlerConfig:
- Allow/Block list of Domains
- Delays between requests
- Whether to respect the
Robots.txtrules
Feed your config and an instance of your scraper to the Collector that drives the Crawler and forwards the responses to your Scraper.
use voyager::scraper::Selector;
use voyager::*;
use tokio::stream::StreamExt;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
// only fulfill requests to `news.ycombinator.com`
let config = CrawlerConfig::default().allow_domain_with_delay(
"news.ycombinator.com",
// add a delay between requests
RequestDelay::Fixed(std::time::Duration::from_millis(2_000)),
);
let mut collector = Collector::new(HackernewsScraper::default(), config);
collector.crawler_mut().visit_with_state(
"https://news.ycombinator.com/news",
HackernewsState::Page(1),
);
while let Some(output) = collector.next().await {
let post = output?;
dbg!(post);
}
Ok(())
}See examples for more.
Inject async calls
Sometimes it might be helpful to execute some other calls first, get a token etc.,
You submit async closures to the crawler to manually get a response and inject a state or drive a state to completion
fn scrape(
&mut self,
response: Response<Self::State>,
crawler: &mut Crawler<Self>,
) -> Result<Option<Self::Output>> {
// inject your custom crawl function that produces a `reqwest::Response` and `Self::State` which will get passed to `scrape` when resolved.
crawler.crawl(move |client| async move {
let state = response.state;
let auth = client.post("some auth end point ").send()?.await?.json().await?;
// do other async tasks etc..
let new_resp = client.get("the next html page").send().await?;
Ok((new_resp, state))
});
// submit a crawling job that completes to `Self::Output` directly
crawler.complete(move |client| async move {
// do other async tasks to create a `Self::Output` instance
let output = Self::Output{/*..*/};
Ok(Some(output))
});
Ok(None)
}Recover a state that got lost
If the crawler encountered an error, due to a failed or disallowed http request, the error is reported as CrawlError, which carries the last valid state. The error then can be down casted.
let mut collector = Collector::new(HackernewsScraper::default(), config);
while let Some(output) = collector.next().await {
match output {
Ok(post) => {/**/}
Err(err) => {
// recover the state by downcasting the error
if let Ok(err) = err.downcast::<CrawlError<<HackernewsScraper as Scraper>::State>>() {
let last_state = err.state();
}
}
}
}Licensed under either of these:
- Apache License, Version 2.0, (LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)