Docker container for MakeMKV

This project implements a Docker container for MakeMKV.

The GUI of the application is accessed through a modern web browser (no installation or configuration needed on the client side) or via any VNC client.

A fully automated mode is also available: insert a DVD or Blu-ray disc into an optical drive and let MakeMKV rips it without any user interaction.

MakeMKV is your one-click solution to convert video that you own into free and patents-unencumbered format that can be played everywhere. MakeMKV is a format converter, otherwise called "transcoder". It converts the video clips from proprietary (and usually encrypted) disc into a set of MKV files, preserving most information but not changing it in any way. The MKV format can store multiple video/audio tracks with all meta-information and preserve chapters.

Table of Content

• Quick Start
• Usage
  • Environment Variables
    • Deployment Considerations
  • Data Volumes
  • Ports
  • Changing Parameters of a Running Container
• Docker Compose File
• Docker Image Versioning
• Docker Image Update
  • Synology
  • unRAID
• User/Group IDs
• Accessing the GUI
• Security
  • SSVNC
  • Certificates
  • VNC Password
• Reverse Proxy
  • Routing Based on Hostname
  • Routing Based on URL Path
• Shell Access
• Access to Optical Drive(s)
• Automatic Disc Ripper
• Troubleshooting
  • Expired Beta Key
• Support or Contact

Quick Start

NOTE: The Docker command provided in this quick start is given as an example and parameters should be adjusted to your need.

Launch the MakeMKV docker container with the following command:

docker run -d \
    --name=makemkv \
    -p 5800:5800 \
    -v /docker/appdata/makemkv:/config:rw \
    -v /home/user:/storage:ro \
    -v /home/user/MakeMKV/output:/output:rw \
    --device /dev/sr0 \
    --device /dev/sg2 \
    jlesage/makemkv

Where:

• /docker/appdata/makemkv: This is where the application stores its configuration, states, log and any files needing persistency.
• /home/user: This location contains files from your host that need to be accessible to the application.
• /home/user/MakeMKV/output: This is where extracted videos are written.
• /dev/sr0: This is the first Linux device file representing the optical drive.
• /dev/sg2: This is the second Linux device file representing the optical drive.

Browse to http://your-host-ip:5800 to access the MakeMKV GUI. Files from the host appear under the /storage folder in the container.

Usage

docker run [-d] \
    --name=makemkv \
    [-e <VARIABLE_NAME>=<VALUE>]... \
    [-v <HOST_DIR>:<CONTAINER_DIR>[:PERMISSIONS]]... \
    [-p <HOST_PORT>:<CONTAINER_PORT>]... \
    jlesage/makemkv

Environment Variables

To customize some properties of the container, the following environment variables can be passed via the -e parameter (one for each variable). Value of this parameter has the format <VARIABLE_NAME>=<VALUE>.

Deployment Considerations

Many tools used to manage Docker containers extract environment variables defined by the Docker image and use them to create/deploy the container. For example, this is done by:

• The Docker application on Synology NAS
• The Container Station on QNAP NAS
• Portainer
• etc.

While this can be useful for the user to adjust the value of environment variables to fit its needs, it can also be confusing and dangerous to keep all of them.

A good pratice is to set/keep only the variables that are needed for the container to behave as desired in a specific setup. If the value of variable is kept to its default value, it means that it can be removed. Keep in mind that all variables are optional, meaning that none of them is required for the container to start.

Removing environment variables that are not needed provides some advantages:

• Prevents keeping variables that are no longer used by the container. Over time, with image updates, some variables might be removed.
• Allows the Docker image to change/fix a default value. Again, with image updates, the default value of a variable might be changed to fix an issue, or to better support a new feature.
• Prevents changes to a variable that might affect the correct function of the container. Some undocumented variables, like PATH or ENV, are required to be exposed, but are not meant to be changed by users. However, container management tools still show these variables to users.
• There is a bug with the Container Station on QNAP and the Docker application on Synology, where an environment variable without value might not be allowed. This behavior is wrong: it's absolutely fine to have a variable without value. In fact, this container does have variables without value by default. Thus, removing uneeded variables is a good way to prevent deployment issue on these devices.

Data Volumes

The following table describes data volumes used by the container. The mappings are set via the -v parameter. Each mapping is specified with the following format: <HOST_DIR>:<CONTAINER_DIR>[:PERMISSIONS].

Ports

Here is the list of ports used by the container.

When using the default bridge network, ports can be mapped to the host via the -p parameter (one per port mapping). Each mapping is defined with the following format: <HOST_PORT>:<CONTAINER_PORT>. The port number used inside the container might not be changeable, but you are free to use any port on the host side.

See the Docker Container Networking documentation for more details.

Changing Parameters of a Running Container

As can be seen, environment variables, volume and port mappings are all specified while creating the container.

The following steps describe the method used to add, remove or update parameter(s) of an existing container. The general idea is to destroy and re-create the container:

1. Stop the container (if it is running):

docker stop makemkv

2. Remove the container:

docker rm makemkv

3. Create/start the container using the docker run command, by adjusting parameters as needed.

NOTE: Since all application's data is saved under the /config container folder, destroying and re-creating a container is not a problem: nothing is lost and the application comes back with the same state (as long as the mapping of the /config folder remains the same).

Docker Compose File

Here is an example of a docker-compose.yml file that can be used with Docker Compose.

Make sure to adjust according to your needs. Note that only mandatory network ports are part of the example.

version: '3'
services:
  makemkv:
    image: jlesage/makemkv
    ports:
      - "5800:5800"
    volumes:
      - "/docker/appdata/makemkv:/config:rw"
      - "/home/user:/storage:ro"
      - "/home/user/MakeMKV/output:/output:rw"
    devices:
      - "/dev/sr0:/dev/sr0"
      - "/dev/sg2:/dev/sg2"

Docker Image Versioning

Each release of a Docker image is versioned. Prior to october 2022, the semantic versioning was used as the versioning scheme.

Since then, versioning scheme changed to calendar versioning. The format used is YY.MM.SEQUENCE, where:

• YY is the zero-padded year (relative to year 2000).
• MM is the zero-padded month.
• SEQUENCE is the incremental release number within the month (first release is 1, second is 2, etc).

Docker Image Update

Because features are added, issues are fixed, or simply because a new version of the containerized application is integrated, the Docker image is regularly updated. Different methods can be used to update the Docker image.

The system used to run the container may have a built-in way to update containers. If so, this could be your primary way to update Docker images.

An other way is to have the image be automatically updated with Watchtower. Watchtower is a container-based solution for automating Docker image updates. This is a "set and forget" type of solution: once a new image is available, Watchtower will seamlessly perform the necessary steps to update the container.

Finally, the Docker image can be manually updated with these steps:

1. Fetch the latest image:

docker pull jlesage/makemkv

2. Stop the container:

docker stop makemkv

3. Remove the container:

docker rm makemkv

4. Create and start the container using the docker run command, with the the same parameters that were used when it was deployed initially.

Synology

For owners of a Synology NAS, the following steps can be used to update a container image.

1. Open the Docker application.
2. Click on Registry in the left pane.
3. In the search bar, type the name of the container (jlesage/makemkv).
4. Select the image, click Download and then choose the latest tag.
5. Wait for the download to complete. A notification will appear once done.
6. Click on Container in the left pane.
7. Select your MakeMKV container.
8. Stop it by clicking Action->Stop.
9. Clear the container by clicking Action->Reset (or Action->Clear if you don't have the latest Docker application). This removes the container while keeping its configuration.
10. Start the container again by clicking Action->Start. NOTE: The container may temporarily disappear from the list while it is re-created.

unRAID

For unRAID, a container image can be updated by following these steps:

1. Select the Docker tab.
2. Click the Check for Updates button at the bottom of the page.
3. Click the update ready link of the container to be updated.

User/Group IDs

When using data volumes (-v flags), permissions issues can occur between the host and the container. For example, the user within the container may not exist on the host. This could prevent the host from properly accessing files and folders on the shared volume.

To avoid any problem, you can specify the user the application should run as.

This is done by passing the user ID and group ID to the container via the USER_ID and GROUP_ID environment variables.

To find the right IDs to use, issue the following command on the host, with the user owning the data volume on the host:

id <username>

Which gives an output like this one:

uid=1000(myuser) gid=1000(myuser) groups=1000(myuser),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin)

The value of uid (user ID) and gid (group ID) are the ones that you should be given the container.

Accessing the GUI

Assuming that container's ports are mapped to the same host's ports, the graphical interface of the application can be accessed via:

• A web browser:

http://<HOST IP ADDR>:5800

• Any VNC client:

<HOST IP ADDR>:5900

Security

By default, access to the application's GUI is done over an unencrypted connection (HTTP or VNC).

Secure connection can be enabled via the SECURE_CONNECTION environment variable. See the Environment Variables section for more details on how to set an environment variable.

When enabled, application's GUI is performed over an HTTPs connection when accessed with a browser. All HTTP accesses are automatically redirected to HTTPs.

When using a VNC client, the VNC connection is performed over SSL. Note that few VNC clients support this method. SSVNC is one of them.

SSVNC

SSVNC is a VNC viewer that adds encryption security to VNC connections.

While the Linux version of SSVNC works well, the Windows version has some issues. At the time of writing, the latest version 1.0.30 is not functional, as a connection fails with the following error:

ReadExact: Socket error while reading

However, for your convenience, an unofficial and working version is provided here:

https://github.com/jlesage/docker-baseimage-gui/raw/master/tools/ssvnc_windows_only-1.0.30-r1.zip

The only difference with the official package is that the bundled version of stunnel has been upgraded to version 5.49, which fixes the connection problems.

Certificates

Here are the certificate files needed by the container. By default, when they are missing, self-signed certificates are generated and used. All files have PEM encoded, x509 certificates.

NOTE: To prevent any certificate validity warnings/errors from the browser or VNC client, make sure to supply your own valid certificates.

NOTE: Certificate files are monitored and relevant daemons are automatically restarted when changes are detected.

VNC Password

To restrict access to your application, a password can be specified. This can be done via two methods:

• By using the VNC_PASSWORD environment variable.
• By creating a .vncpass_clear file at the root of the /config volume. This file should contain the password in clear-text. During the container startup, content of the file is obfuscated and moved to .vncpass.

The level of security provided by the VNC password depends on two things:

• The type of communication channel (encrypted/unencrypted).
• How secure the access to the host is.

When using a VNC password, it is highly desirable to enable the secure connection to prevent sending the password in clear over an unencrypted channel.

ATTENTION: Password is limited to 8 characters. This limitation comes from the Remote Framebuffer Protocol RFC (see section 7.2.2). Any characters beyond the limit are ignored.

Reverse Proxy

The following sections contain NGINX configurations that need to be added in order to reverse proxy to this container.

A reverse proxy server can route HTTP requests based on the hostname or the URL path.

Routing Based on Hostname

In this scenario, each hostname is routed to a different application/container.

For example, let's say the reverse proxy server is running on the same machine as this container. The server would proxy all HTTP requests sent to makemkv.domain.tld to the container at 127.0.0.1:5800.

Here are the relevant configuration elements that would be added to the NGINX configuration:

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
	default upgrade;
	''      close;
}

upstream docker-makemkv {
	# If the reverse proxy server is not running on the same machine as the
	# Docker container, use the IP of the Docker host here.
	# Make sure to adjust the port according to how port 5800 of the
	# container has been mapped on the host.
	server 127.0.0.1:5800;
}

server {
	[...]

	server_name makemkv.domain.tld;

	location / {
	        proxy_pass http://docker-makemkv;
	}

	location /websockify {
		proxy_pass http://docker-makemkv;
		proxy_http_version 1.1;
		proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
		proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
		proxy_read_timeout 86400;
	}
}

Routing Based on URL Path

In this scenario, the hostname is the same, but different URL paths are used to route to different applications/containers.

For example, let's say the reverse proxy server is running on the same machine as this container. The server would proxy all HTTP requests for server.domain.tld/makemkv to the container at 127.0.0.1:5800.

Here are the relevant configuration elements that would be added to the NGINX configuration:

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
	default upgrade;
	''      close;
}

upstream docker-makemkv {
	# If the reverse proxy server is not running on the same machine as the
	# Docker container, use the IP of the Docker host here.
	# Make sure to adjust the port according to how port 5800 of the
	# container has been mapped on the host.
	server 127.0.0.1:5800;
}

server {
	[...]

	location = /makemkv {return 301 $scheme://$http_host/makemkv/;}
	location /makemkv/ {
		proxy_pass http://docker-makemkv/;
		location /makemkv/websockify {
			proxy_pass http://docker-makemkv/websockify/;
			proxy_http_version 1.1;
			proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
			proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
			proxy_read_timeout 86400;
		}
	}
}

Shell Access

To get shell access to the running container, execute the following command:

docker exec -ti CONTAINER sh

Where CONTAINER is the ID or the name of the container used during its creation.

Access to Optical Drive(s)

By default, a Docker container doesn't have access to host's devices. However, access to one or more devices can be granted with the --device DEV parameter.

In the Linux world, an optical drive is represented by two different device files: /dev/srX and /dev/sgY, where X and Y are numbers.

For best performance, it is recommended to expose both these devices to the container. For example, for an optical drive represented by /dev/sr0 and /dev/sg1, the following parameters would be added to the docker run command:

--device /dev/sr0 --device /dev/sg1

NOTE: For an optical drive to be detected by MakeMKV, it is mandatory to expose /dev/sgY to the container. /dev/srX is optional, but performance could be affected.

The easiest way to determine the right Linux devices to expose is to run the container (without --device parameter) and look at its log: during the startup, messages similar to these ones are outputed:

[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh: executing...
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh: looking for usable optical drives...
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh: found optical drive [/dev/sr0, /dev/sg3], but it is not usable because:
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh:   --> the host device /dev/sr0 is not exposed to the container.
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh:   --> the host device /dev/sg3 is not exposed to the container.
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh: no usable optical drive found.
[cont-init.d] 54-check-optical-drive.sh: exited 0.

In this case, it's clearly indicated that /dev/sr0 and /dev/sg3 needs to be exposed to the container.

NOTE: The container's log can be viewed by running the command docker logs <container name>.

Alternatively, the devices can be found by executing the following command on the host:

lsscsi -g

From the command's output, the last two columns associated to the optical drive indicate the Linux devices that should be exposed to the container. In the following output example, /dev/sr0 and /dev/sg3 would be exposed:

[0:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      TOSHIBA DT01ACA0 A800  /dev/sda   /dev/sg0
[1:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      ST3500418AS      HP34  /dev/sdb   /dev/sg1
[2:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD6401AALS-0 3B01  /dev/sdc   /dev/sg2
[4:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  hp HLDS  DVDRW  GUD1N     LD02  /dev/sr0   /dev/sg3

Automatic Disc Ripper

This container has an automatic disc ripper built-in. When enabled, any DVD or Blu-ray video disc inserted into an optical drive is automatically ripped. In other words, MakeMKV decrypts and extracts all titles (such as the main movie, bonus features, etc) from the disc to MKV files.

To enable the automatic disc ripper, set the environment variable AUTO_DISC_RIPPER to 1.

To eject the disc from the drive when ripping is terminated, set the environment variable AUTO_DISC_RIPPER_EJECT to 1.

If multiple drives are available, discs can be ripped simultaneously by setting the environment variable AUTO_DISC_RIPPER_PARALLEL_RIP to 1.

See the Environment Variables section for details about setting environment variables.

NOTE: All titles, audio tracks, chapters, subtitles, etc are extracted/preserved.

NOTE: Titles and audio tracks are kept in their original format. They are not transcoded or converted to other formats or into smaller sizes.

NOTE: Ripped Blu-ray discs can take a large amount of disc space (~40GB).

NOTE: MKV Files are written to the /output folder of the container.

NOTE: The automatic disc ripper processes all available optical drives.

NOTE: When parallel mode is enabled (AUTO_DISC_RIPPER_PARALLEL_RIP is set to 1), it is recommended, to minimize impact on ripping speed, to increase the interval at which the presence of new discs is checked (AUTO_DISC_RIPPER_INTERVAL).

Troubleshooting

Expired Beta Key

If the beta key is expired, just restart the container to automatically fetch and install the latest one.

NOTE: Once beta key expires, it can take few days before a new key is made available by the author of MakeMKV. During this time, the application is not functional.

NOTE: For this solution to work, the MAKEMKV_KEY environment variable must be set to BETA. See the Environment Variables section for more details.

Support or Contact

Having troubles with the container or have questions? Please create a new issue.

For other great Dockerized applications, see https://jlesage.github.io/docker-apps.