Evil Collection

This is a collection of Evil bindings for the parts of Emacs that Evil does not cover properly by default, such as help-mode, M-x calendar, Eshell and more.

Warning: Expect some default bindings to change in the future.

Preliminaries

1. evil-overriding-maps is assumed as nil to reduce redundant w/W/l/f/t etc evil bindings. See Fixup Info-mode for example.

Goals

1. Reduce context switching: As soon as “moving around” gets hardwired to <hjkl>, it becomes frustratingly inefficient not to have it everywhere.
2. Community work: setting up bindings is tremendous work and joining force can only save hours for all of Evil users out there. While not everyone may agree on the chosen bindings, it helps to have something to start with rather than nothing at all. In the end, users are free to override a subset of the proposed bindings to best fit their needs.
3. Consistency: Having all bindings defined in one place allows for enforcing consistency across special modes and coordinating the community work to define a reference implementation.

Installation

• Get the package, either from MELPA:

  M-x package-install RET evil-collection RET
      

  Or clone / download this repository and modify your load-path:

  (add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/evil-collection/" user-emacs-directory))
      

• Register the bindings, either all at once with

  (evil-collection-init)
      

  or mode-by-mode, for instance:

  (with-eval-after-load 'calendar (evil-collection-calendar-setup))
      

  or by providing an argument to evil-collection-init:

  (evil-collection-init 'calendar)
      

  a list can also be provided to evil-collection-init:

  (evil-collection-init '(calendar dired calc ediff))
      

  The list of supported modes is configured by evil-collection-mode-list.

evil-collection assumes evil-want-keybinding is set to nil and evil-want-integration is set to t before loading evil and evil-collection. Note some other packages may load evil (e.g. evil-leader) so bear that in mind when determining when to set the variables.

See #60 and emacs-evil/evil#1087 for more details.

For example:

(setq evil-want-integration t) ;; This is optional since it's already set to t by default.
(setq evil-want-keybinding nil)
(require 'evil)
(when (require 'evil-collection nil t)
  (evil-collection-init))

Here’s another full TLDR use-package example.

(use-package evil
  :ensure t
  :init
  (setq evil-want-integration t) ;; This is optional since it's already set to t by default.
  (setq evil-want-keybinding nil)
  :config
  (evil-mode 1))

(use-package evil-collection
  :after evil
  :ensure t
  :config
  (evil-collection-init))

NOTE: If you don’t like surprises but still want to use evil-collection-init, setting evil-collection-mode-list to nil and adding each mode manually might be a better option.

Configuration

Modify evil-collection-mode-list to disable or add any modes that should be evilified by evil-collection.

For example, if you want to enable Evil in the minibuffer, you’ll have to turn it on explicitly by customizing evil-collection-setup-minibuffer to t. Some minibuffer-related packages such as Helm rely on this option.

use-package example:

(use-package evil-collection
  :custom (evil-collection-setup-minibuffer t)
  :init (evil-collection-init))

evil-collection-config can also be modified to configure specific modes. At the moment, it can be used to defer binding keys to those specific modes in order to improve startup time.

Guidelines

The following rules serve as guiding principles to define the set of standard Evil bindings for various modes. Since special modes are by definition structurally incomparable, those rules cannot be expected to be applied universally.

The rules are more-or-less sorted by priority.

1. Don’t bind anything to : nor <escape>.
2. Keep the movement keys when possible and sensible.
   • h, j, k, l
   • w, W, b, B, e, E, ge, gE
   • f, F, t, T, ;, =,=
   • gg, G
   • |
   • (, )
   • {, }
   • %
   • +, -, 0, ^, $
   • C-i, C-o
3. Keep the yanking and register keys when possible and sensible.
   • y, Y
   • =”=
4. Keep the search keys when possible and sensible.
   • /, ?
   • #, *
5. Keep the mark keys when possible and sensible.
   • m
   • =’=, ~
6. Keep the windowing keys when possible and sensible.
   • H, L, M
   • C-e, C-y
   • C-f, C-b
   • C-d, C-u
   • C-w-prefixed bindings.
   • Some z-prefixed bindings (see below).
7. The following keys are free when insert state does not make sense in the current mode:
   • a, A, i, I
   • c, C, r, R, s, S
   • d, D, x, X
   • o, O
   • p, P
   • =, <, >
   • J
   • ~

   Any of those keys can be set to be a prefix key.

8. Prefix keys: g and z are the ubiquitous prefix keys.
   • g generally stands for “go” and is best used for movements.
   • z is used for scrolling, folding, spell-checking and more.
9. Macro and action keys
   • @, q
   • .
10. Ensure terminal compatibility without sacrificing GUI key bindings.
    • Tab key
      • Tab key is recognized as <tab> in GUI and TAB in terminal. TAB equals C-i.
      • C-i is bound to jumping forward for vim compatibility. If Shift+Tab is not relevant, just bind g TAB to the function that Tab is bound to. If Shift+Tab is relevant, bind g] and g TAB to the function that Tab is bound to, and bind g[ to the function that Shift+Tab is bound to for terminal compatibility.
    • Enter key
      • Enter key is recognized as <return> in GUI and RET in terminal. RET equals Ctrl+m.
      • Bind only RET and M-RET. Or, bind RET and M-RET to the same functions <return> and <M-return> are bound to.
      • S-RET is impossible on terminal. Bind <S-return> and a vacant key to the same function for terminal compatibility.

Rationale

Many special modes share the same set of similar actions. Those actions should share the same bindings across all modes whenever feasible.

Motion ([, ], {, }, (, ), gj, gk, C-j, C-k)

• [ and ]: Use [- and ]- prefixed keys for navigation between sections.

  If the mode makes no difference between the end of a section and the beginning of the next, use [ and ].

• gj and gk: synonym for [ and ]. That’s what evil-magit does.

  Question: Should gj / gk rather be synonyms for C-j / C-k? They cannot emulate the behaviour of [] or ][.

  • C-j, C-k: If there is granularity, i.e. subsections, use C-j and C-k to browse them. This reflects evil-magit and evil-mu4e default bindings.
  • {, }: If there is no paragraph structure, { and } can be used for sub-sectioning.
  • (, ): If there is no sentence structure, ( and ) can be used for sub-sectioning.
  • HJKL: hjkl can be used for atomic movements, but HJKL can usually not be used because H, K and L are all universal (J is evil-join and usually does not make sense in special modes).
  • C-h should not be remapped: Since we have C-j and C-k for vertical motion, it would make sense to use C-h and C-l for horizontal motion. There are some shortcomings though:
    • In Vim, C-h works as backspace, but Evil does not follow that behaviour.
    • In Emacs, it is a prefix key for all help-related commands, and so is <f1>.
    • Most importantly, C-h is too widespread and ubiquitous to be replaced. So we don’t.
  • C-l: As a consequence of the former point, C-l is available.
  • M-<hjkl>: Those keys are usually free in Evil but still bound to their Emacs default (e.g. M-l is downcase-word). Besides, if C-j and C-k are already used, having M-j and M-k might add up to the confusion.

Quitting (q, ZQ, ZZ)

In Vim, q is for recording macros. Vim quits with ZZ or ZQ. In most Emacs special modes, it stands for quitting while macros are recorded/played with <f3> and <f4>.

A good rule of thumb would be:

• Always bind q, ZZ and ZQ to the mode specific quitting functions. If there is none,
• Bind q and ZZ to quit-window
• Bind ZQ to evil-quit
• If macros don’t make sense in current mode, then @ is available.

Refreshing / Reverting (gr)

• gr is used for refreshing in evil-magit, evil-mu4e, and some Spacemacs configurations (org-agenda and neotree among others).
• C-l is traditionally used to refresh the terminal screen. Since there does not seem to be any existing use of it, we leave the binding free for other uses.

Marking

m defaults to evil-set-marker which might not be very useful in special modes. =’= can still be used as it can jump to other buffers.

• m: Mark or toggle mark, depending on what the mode offers. In visual mode, always mark. With a numeric argument, toggle mark on that many following lines.
• u: Unmark current selection.
• U: Unmark all.
• ~: Toggle all marks. This mirrors the “invert-char” Vim command bound to ~ by default.
• M: Mark all, if available. Otherwise use U~.
• *: Mark-prefix or mark all if current mode has no prefix. * is traditionally a wildcard.
• %: Mark regexp.
• x: Execute action on marks. This mirrors Dired’s binding of x.

If * is used for marking, then # is free.

Also note that Emacs inconsistently uses u and U to unmark.

Selecting / Filtering / Narrowing / Searching

• s and S seem to be used in some places like mu4e.
  • s: [s]elect/[s]earch/filter candidates according to a pattern.
  • S: Remove filter and select all.
• = is usually free and its significance is obvious. It’s taken for zooming though.
• | is not free but the pipe symbolic is very tantalizing.

Sorting

• o: Change the sort [o]rder.
• O: Sort in reverse order.

  There is no real consensus around which key to bind to sorting. What others do by default:

  • package-menu uses S.
  • M-x proced and Dired use s.
  • profiler uses A and D.
  • mu4e uses O.
  • ranger uses o, inspired from Mutt.

Go to definition (gd, gD)

• gd: [g]o to [d]efinition. This is mostly for programming modes. If there’s a corresponding ‘pop’ action, use C-t.

Go to references, etc (gr, gA)

When evil-collection-want-find-usages-bindings is set to t:

• gr: [g] to [r]eferences. This binding is also used for refresh/reverting modes in non programming modes but is usually empty for programming modes.
• gA: [g]o to [A]ssignments.
• Additional bindings: There may be additional binds under this category. Please file a Pull Request if so.

Go to current entity

• .: go to current entity (day for calendar, playing track for EMMS). Bind only if more relevant than evil-repeat.

Open thing at point (RET, S-RET, M-RET, go, gO)

• RET, S-RET, M-RET: Open thing at point in current window, open in other window and display in other window respectively. The latter is like the former with the focus remaining on the current window.
• go, gO: When available, same as S-RET and M-RET respectively. This is useful in terminals where S-RET and M-RET might not work.

Emacs-style jumping (J)

• J: mu4e has j and evil-mu4e uses J, so we use J too.

  Some special modes like mu4e and ibuffer offer to “jump” to a different buffer. This sometimes depends on the thing at point.

  This is not related to Evil jumps like C-i and C-o, nor to “go to definition”.

Browse URL (gx)

gx: go to URL. This is a default Vim binding.

Help (?)

• g? : is the standard key for help related commands.
• ? in places where backward search is not very useful.

History browsing (C-n, C-p)

C-n and C-p are standard bindings to browse the history elements.

Bookmarking

?

REPL (gz)

If the mode has a Go To REPL-type command, set it to gz.

Zooming (+, -, =, 0)

• + and - have obvious meanings.
• 0 has a somewhat intuitive meaning, plus it is next to + and - on QWERTY.
• = is useful as a synonym for + because it is the unshifted key of + on QWERTY.

Debugging

When debugging is on, debugger keys takes the most precedence.

These keys will be set when there’s an available command for them.

• n : Step Over
• i : Step Into
• o : Step Out
• c : Continue/Resume Execution
• L : Locals
• t : Tracing
• q : Quit Debugging
• H : Continue until Point
• e : Evaluate Expression
• b : Set Breakpoint
• u : Unset Breakpoint
• > : Navigate to Next Frame
• < : Navigate to Previous Frame
• g? : Help
• J : Jump to debugger location
• R : Restart

For debugging outside of debugger being on (e.g. setting initial breakpoints), we use similar keys to realgud.

• f5 Start/Continue/Resume Execution
• S-f5 Continue Execution
• Mouse-1 Toggle Breakpoint
• f9 Toggle Breakpoint
• f10 Step Over
• f11 Step Into
• S-f11 Step Out

Editable Buffers

For buffers where insert-state doesn’t make sense but buffer can be edited, (e.g. wdired or wgrep), pressing i will change into editable state.

When this editable state is turned on,

ZQ will abort and clear any changes. ZZ will finish and save any changes. ESC will exit editable state.

:q/:wq/etc

Modes with commands that can be bound to :q/:wq/etc will have those keys remapped.

Key Translation

evil-collection-translate-key allows binding a key to the definition of another key in the same keymap (comparable to how Vim’s keybindings work). Its arguments are the states and keymaps to bind/look up the key(s) in followed optionally by keyword arguments (currently only :destructive) and key/replacement pairs. states should be nil for non-evil keymaps, and both states and keymaps can be a single symbol or a list of symbols.

This function can be useful for making key swaps/cycles en masse. For example, someone who uses an alternate keyboard layout may want to retain the hjkl positions for directional movement in dired, the calendar, etc.

Here’s an example for Colemak of making swaps in a single keymap:

(evil-collection-translate-key nil 'evil-motion-state-map
  ;; colemak hnei is qwerty hjkl
  "n" "j"
  "e" "k"
  "i" "l"
  ;; add back nei
  "j" "e"
  "k" "n"
  "l" "i")

Here’s an example of using evil-collection-setup-hook to cycle the keys for all modes in evil-collection-mode-list:

(defun my-hjkl-rotation (_mode mode-keymaps &rest _rest)
  (evil-collection-translate-key 'normal mode-keymaps
    "n" "j"
    "e" "k"
    "i" "l"
    "j" "e"
    "k" "n"
    "l" "i"))

;; called after evil-collection makes its keybindings
(add-hook 'evil-collection-setup-hook #'my-hjkl-rotation)

(evil-collection-init)

A more common use case of evil-collection-translate-key would be for keeping the functionality of some keys that users may bind globally. For example, SPC, [, and ] are bound in some modes. If you use these keys as global prefix keys that you never want to be overridden, you’ll want to give them higher priority than other evil keybindings (e.g. those made by (evil-define-key 'normal some-map ...)). To do this, you can create an “intercept” map and bind your prefix keys in it instead of in evil-normal-state-map:

(defvar my-intercept-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)
  "High precedence keymap.")

(define-minor-mode my-intercept-mode
  "Global minor mode for higher precedence evil keybindings."
  :global t)

(my-intercept-mode)

(dolist (state '(normal visual insert))
  (evil-make-intercept-map
   ;; NOTE: This requires an evil version from 2018-03-20 or later
   (evil-get-auxiliary-keymap my-intercept-mode-map state t t)
   state))

(evil-define-key 'normal my-intercept-mode-map
  (kbd "SPC f") 'find-file)
;; ...

You can then define replacement keys:

(defun my-prefix-translations (_mode mode-keymaps &rest _rest)
  (evil-collection-translate-key 'normal mode-keymaps
    "C-SPC" "SPC"
    ;; these need to be unbound first; this needs to be in same statement
    "[" nil
    "]" nil
    "[[" "["
    "]]" "]"))

(add-hook 'evil-collection-setup-hook #'my-prefix-translations)

(evil-collection-init)

By default, the first invocation of evil-collection-translate-key will make a backup of the keymap. Each subsequent invocation will look up keys in the backup instead of the original. This means that a call to evil-collection-translate-key will always have the same behavior even if evaluated multiple times. When :destructive t is specified, keys are looked up in the keymap as it is currently. This means that a call to evil-collection-translate-key that swapped two keys would continue to swap/unswap them with each call. Therefore when :destructive t is used, all cycles/swaps must be done within a single call to evil-collection-translate-key. To make a comparison to Vim keybindings, :destructive t is comparable to Vim’s map, and :destructive nil is comparable to Vim’s noremap (where the “original” keybindings are those that existed in the keymap when evil-collection-translate-key was first called). You’ll almost always want to use the default behavior (especially in your init file). The limitation of :destructive nil is that you can’t translate a key to another key that was defined after the first evil-collection-translate-key, so :destructive t may be useful for interactive experimentation.

evil-collection-swap-key is also provided as a wrapper around evil-collection-translate-key that allows swapping keys:

(evil-collection-swap-key nil 'evil-motion-state-map
  ";" ":")
;; is equivalent to
(evil-collection-translate-key nil 'evil-motion-state-map
  ";" ":"
  ":" ";")

In some cases, keys are bound through `evil-define-minor-mode-key` and may need to be translated using evil-collection-translate-minor-mode-key and/or evil-collection-swap-minor-mode-key.

(evil-collection-swap-minor-mode-key '(normal motion)
  '(evil-snipe-local-mode evil-snipe-override-local-mode)
  "k" "s"
  ;; Set this to t to make this swap the keys everytime
  ;; this expression is evaluated.
  :destructive nil)

(evil-collection-translate-minor-mode-key
 '(normal motion)
 '(evil-snipe-local-mode evil-snipe-override-local-mode)
 "k" "s"
 "s" "k"
 ;; Set this to t to make this swap the keys everytime
 ;; this expression is evaluated.
 :destructive nil)

Third-party packages

Third-party packages are provided by several parties:

Also evil-collection has minimal support (TAB, S-TAB and sentence/paragraph forwarding) for markdown and org if you prefer less packages installed.

Should you know any suitable package not mentioned in this list, let us know and file an issue.

Other references:

• Spacemacs
• Doom Emacs

FAQ

Making SPC work similarly to spacemacs.

evil-collection binds over SPC in many packages. To use SPC as a leader key with the general library:

(use-package general
  :ensure t
  :init
  (setq general-override-states '(insert
                                  emacs
                                  hybrid
                                  normal
                                  visual
                                  motion
                                  operator
                                  replace))
  :config
  (general-define-key
   :states '(normal visual motion)
   :keymaps 'override
   "SPC" 'hydra-space/body))
;; Replace 'hydra-space/body with your leader function.

See noctuid’s evil guide for other approaches.

• Unintialized mode maps in evil-collection-setup-hook. evil-collection-setup-hook is ran with a list of keymaps passed into it. Some misconfigured modes may not have yet initialized their keymap at this time so the value of the variable may be nil. In that case, an alternative is to use a mode-hook to do any custom settings.

(add-hook 'evil-collection-setup-hook
          (lambda (_mode keymaps)
            (add-hook 'ediff-mode-hook
                      (lambda ()
                        (... keymaps ...)))))

View 196 for more info.

Don’t allow Evil-Collection to bind some keys.

Look into evil-collection-key-whitelist and evil-collection-key-blacklist.

For example:

;; Don't allow Evil Collection to bind to gfu and gfp.
(setq evil-collection-key-blacklist '("gfu" "gfp"))

Modes left behind

Some modes might still remain unsupported by this package. Should you be missing your <hjkl>, please feel free to do a pull request.

Writing a new binding

This yasnippet template can be used to bootstrap a new binding.

For example, if we were to want to add evil-collection support to eldoc. (e.g.) There is a package that contains:

(provide 'eldoc)

Create a directory named eldoc under modes/. Create a file named evil-collection-eldoc.el under the newly created eldoc directory. Then use the above template as an example or, using yasnippet, yas-expand the above template which will result in something like below:

;;; evil-collection-eldoc.el --- Bindings for `eldoc' -*- lexical-binding: t -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2022 James Nguyen

;; Author: James Nguyen <[email protected]>
;; Maintainer: James Nguyen <[email protected]>
;; URL: https://github.com/emacs-evil/evil-collection
;; Version: 0.0.2
;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "27.1"))
;; Keywords: evil, emacs, convenience, tools

;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:
;;; Bindings for eldoc.

;;; Code:
(require 'evil-collection)
(require 'eldoc nil t)

(defvar eldoc-mode-map)
(defconst evil-collection-eldoc-maps '(eldoc-mode-map))

(defun evil-collection-eldoc-setup ()
  "Set up `evil' bindings for eldoc."
  (evil-collection-define-key 'normal 'eldoc-mode-map
    ))

(provide 'evil-collection-eldoc)
;;; evil-collection-eldoc.el ends here

Finally, add eldoc to evil-collection--supported-modes.

(defvar evil-collection--supported-modes
  `(
    ;; ...
    eldoc
    ;; ...
    )
  "List of modes supported by evil-collection. Elements are
either target mode symbols or lists which `car' is the mode
symbol and `cdr' the packages to register.")

Submitting Issues

When reproducing issues, you can use this emacs -Q recipe.

(setq user-emacs-directory "~/.emacs.1.d")
(setq package-user-dir
      (format "%s/elpa/%s/" user-emacs-directory emacs-major-version))

(setq package-enable-at-startup nil
      package-archives
      '(("melpa" . "https://melpa.org/packages/")
        ("gnu" . "http://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")))

(require 'package)
(package-initialize)
(unless (package-installed-p 'use-package)
  (package-refresh-contents)
  (package-install 'use-package))
(require 'use-package)
(setq use-package-always-ensure t)

(use-package evil
  :ensure t
  :init
  (setq evil-want-keybinding nil)
  :config
  (evil-mode 1))

(use-package evil-collection
  :after evil
  :ensure t
  :config
  (evil-collection-init))

Contributing

We welcome any additional modes that are not already supported.

All bindings in evil-collection are open to change so if there’s a better or more consistent binding, please open an issue or submit a pull request.

Follow The Emacs Lisp Style Guide for coding conventions.

Erlang/OTP has a good read for helpful commit messages.