A Rails plugin to add soft delete.
This gem can be used to hide records instead of deleting them, making them recoverable later.
This version targets Rails 6.1+ and Ruby 2.7+ only
If you're working with Rails 6.0 and earlier, or with Ruby 2.6 or earlier,
please require an older version of the acts_as_paranoid
gem.
- Using
acts_as_paranoid
and ActiveStorage on the same model leads to a SystemStackError. - You cannot directly create a model in a deleted state, or update a model after it's been deleted.
gem 'acts_as_paranoid'
bundle install
bin/rails generate migration AddDeletedAtToParanoiac deleted_at:datetime:index
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
end
By default, ActsAsParanoid assumes a record's deletion is stored in a
datetime
column called deleted_at
.
If you are using a different column name and type to store a record's deletion, you can specify them as follows:
column: 'deleted'
column_type: 'boolean'
While column can be anything (as long as it exists in your database), type is restricted to:
boolean
time
orstring
Note that the time
type corresponds to the database column type datetime
in your Rails migrations and schema.
If your column type is a string
, you can also specify which value to use when
marking an object as deleted by passing :deleted_value
(default is
"deleted"). Any records with a non-matching value in this column will be
treated normally, i.e., as not deleted.
If your column type is a boolean
, it is possible to specify allow_nulls
option which is true
by default. When set to false
, entities that have
false
value in this column will be considered not deleted, and those which
have true
will be considered deleted. When true
everything that has a
not-null value will be considered deleted.
If a record is deleted by ActsAsParanoid, it won't be retrieved when accessing the database.
So, Paranoiac.all
will not include the deleted records.
When you want to access them, you have 2 choices:
Paranoiac.only_deleted # retrieves only the deleted records
Paranoiac.with_deleted # retrieves all records, deleted or not
When using the default column_type
of 'time'
, the following extra scopes
are provided:
time = Time.now
Paranoiac.deleted_after_time(time)
Paranoiac.deleted_before_time(time)
# Or roll it all up and get a nice window:
Paranoiac.deleted_inside_time_window(time, 2.minutes)
In order to really delete a record, just use:
paranoiac.destroy_fully!
Paranoiac.delete_all!(conditions)
NOTE: The .destroy!
method is still usable, but equivalent to .destroy
.
It just hides the object.
Alternatively you can permanently delete a record by calling destroy
or
delete_all
on the object twice.
If a record was already deleted (hidden by ActsAsParanoid
) and you delete it
again, it will be removed from the database.
Take this example:
p = Paranoiac.first
# does NOT delete the first record, just hides it
p.destroy
# deletes the first record from the database
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where(id: p.id).first.destroy
This behaviour can be disabled by setting the configuration option. In a future
version, false
will be the default setting.
double_tap_destroys_fully: false
Recovery is easy. Just invoke recover
on it, like this:
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where("name = ?", "not dead yet").first.recover
All associations marked as dependent: :destroy
are also recursively recovered.
If you would like to disable this behavior, you can call recover
with the
recursive
option:
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where("name = ?", "not dead yet").first.recover(recursive: false)
If you would like to change this default behavior for one model, you can use
the recover_dependent_associations
option
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid recover_dependent_associations: false
end
By default, dependent records will be recovered if they were deleted within 2 minutes of the object upon which they depend.
This restores the objects to the state before the recursive deletion without restoring other objects that were deleted earlier.
The behavior is only available when both parent and dependant are using timestamp fields to mark deletion, which is the default behavior.
This window can be changed with the dependent_recovery_window
option:
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
has_many :paranoids, dependent: :destroy
end
class Paranoid < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :paranoic
# Paranoid objects will be recovered alongside Paranoic objects
# if they were deleted within 10 minutes of the Paranoic object
acts_as_paranoid dependent_recovery_window: 10.minutes
end
or in the recover statement
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where("name = ?", "not dead yet").first
.recover(recovery_window: 30.seconds)
You can invoke recover!
if you wish to raise an error if the recovery fails.
The error generally stems from ActiveRecord.
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where("name = ?", "not dead yet").first.recover!
# => ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name already exists
Optionally, you may also raise the error by passing raise_error: true
to the
recover
method. This behaves the same as recover!
.
Paranoiac.only_deleted.where("name = ?", "not dead yet").first.recover(raise_error: true)
ActiveRecord's built-in uniqueness validation does not account for records
deleted by ActsAsParanoid. If you want to check for uniqueness among
non-deleted records only, use the macro validates_as_paranoid
in your model.
Then, instead of using validates_uniqueness_of
, use
validates_uniqueness_of_without_deleted
. This will keep deleted records from
counting against the uniqueness check.
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
validates_as_paranoid
validates_uniqueness_of_without_deleted :name
end
p1 = Paranoiac.create(name: 'foo')
p1.destroy
p2 = Paranoiac.new(name: 'foo')
p2.valid? #=> true
p2.save
p1.recover #=> fails validation!
A paranoid object could be deleted or destroyed fully.
You can check if the object is deleted with the deleted?
helper
Paranoiac.create(name: 'foo').destroy
Paranoiac.with_deleted.first.deleted? #=> true
After the first call to .destroy
the object is deleted?
.
You can check if the object is fully destroyed with destroyed_fully?
or deleted_fully?
.
Paranoiac.create(name: 'foo').destroy
Paranoiac.with_deleted.first.deleted? #=> true
Paranoiac.with_deleted.first.destroyed_fully? #=> false
p1 = Paranoiac.with_deleted.first
p1.destroy # this fully destroys the object
p1.destroyed_fully? #=> true
p1.deleted_fully? #=> true
As you've probably guessed, with_deleted
and only_deleted
are scopes. You
can, however, chain them freely with other scopes you might have.
For example:
Paranoiac.pretty.with_deleted
This is exactly the same as:
Paranoiac.with_deleted.pretty
You can work freely with scopes and it will just work:
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
scope :pretty, where(pretty: true)
end
Paranoiac.create(pretty: true)
Paranoiac.pretty.count #=> 1
Paranoiac.only_deleted.count #=> 0
Paranoiac.pretty.only_deleted.count #=> 0
Paranoiac.first.destroy
Paranoiac.pretty.count #=> 0
Paranoiac.only_deleted.count #=> 1
Paranoiac.pretty.only_deleted.count #=> 1
Associations are also supported.
From the simplest behaviors you'd expect to more nifty things like the ones
mentioned previously or the usage of the :with_deleted
option with
belongs_to
class Parent < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :children, class_name: "ParanoiacChild"
end
class ParanoiacChild < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
belongs_to :parent
# You may need to provide a foreign_key like this
belongs_to :parent_including_deleted, class_name: "Parent",
foreign_key: 'parent_id', with_deleted: true
end
parent = Parent.first
child = parent.children.create
parent.destroy
child.parent #=> nil
child.parent_including_deleted #=> Parent (it works!)
There are couple of callbacks that you may use when dealing with deletion and
recovery of objects. There is before_recover
and after_recover
which will
be triggered before and after the recovery of an object respectively.
Default ActiveRecord callbacks such as before_destroy
and after_destroy
will
be triggered around .destroy!
and .destroy_fully!
.
class Paranoiac < ActiveRecord::Base
acts_as_paranoid
before_recover :set_counts
after_recover :update_logs
end
Watch out for these caveats:
- You cannot use scopes named
with_deleted
andonly_deleted
- You cannot use scopes named
deleted_inside_time_window
,deleted_before_time
,deleted_after_time
if your paranoid column's type istime
- You cannot name association
*_with_deleted
unscoped
will return all records, deleted or not
- To Rick Olson for creating
acts_as_paranoid
- To cheerfulstoic for adding recursive recovery
- To Jonathan Vaught for adding paranoid validations
- To Geoffrey Hichborn for improving the overral code quality and adding support for after_commit
- To flah00 for adding support for STI-based associations (with :dependent)
- To vikramdhillon for the idea and initial implementation of support for string column type
- To Craig Walker for Rails 3.1 support and fixing various pending issues
- To Charles G. for Rails 3.2 support and for making a desperately needed global code refactoring
- To Gonçalo Silva for supporting this gem prior to v0.4.3
- To Jean Boussier for initial Rails 4.0.0 support
- To Matijs van Zuijlen for Rails 4.1 and 4.2 support
- To Andrey Ponomarenko for Rails 5 support
- To Daniel Rice, Josh Bryant, and Romain Alexandre for Rails 6.0 support.
See LICENSE
.