HardeningKitty and Windows 10 Hardening

Introduction

The project started as a simple hardening list for Windows 10. After some time, HardeningKitty was created to simplify the hardening of Windows. Now, HardeningKitty supports guidelines from Microsoft, CIS Benchmarks, DoD STIG and BSI SiSyPHuS Win10. And of course my own hardening list.

This is a hardening checklist that can be used in private and business environments for hardening Windows 10. The checklist can be used for all Windows versions, but in Windows 10 Home the Group Policy Editor is not integrated and the adjustment must be done directly in the registry. For this, there is the HailMary mode from HardeningKitty.

The settings should be seen as security and privacy recommendation and should be carefully checked whether they will affect the operation of your infrastructure or impact the usability of key functions. It is important to weigh security against usability.

The project started with the creation of a simple hardening checklist for Windows 10. The focus has shifted to the audit of various well-known frameworks / benchmarks with the development of HardeningKitty. Meanwhile, various CIS benchmarks and Microsoft Security Baselines are supported. With the development of the HailMary mode, it will also be possible to apply settings of any hardening checklist on a Windows system.

HardeningKitty

HardeningKitty supports hardening of a Windows system. The configuration of the system is retrieved and assessed using a finding list. In addition, the system can be hardened according to predefined values. HardeningKitty reads settings from the registry and uses other modules to read configurations outside the registry.

The script was developed for English systems. It is possible that in other languages the analysis is incorrect. Please create an issue if this occurs.

Signed Version

The development of HardeningKitty happens in this repository. In the repository of scip AG is a stable version of HardeningKitty that has been signed with the code signing certificate of scip AG. This means that HardeningKitty can also be run on systems that only allow signed scripts.

How To Run

Run the script with administrative privileges to access machine settings. For the user settings it is better to execute them with a normal user account. Ideally, the user account is used for daily work.

Download HardeningKitty and copy it to the target system (script and lists). Then HardeningKitty can be imported and executed:

PS C:\tmp> Import-Module .\HardeningKitty.psm1
PS C:\tmp> Invoke-HardeningKitty -EmojiSupport


         =^._.^=
        _(      )/  HardeningKitty 0.9.0-1662273740


[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:12 AM - Starting HardeningKitty


[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:12 AM - Getting user information
[*] Hostname: DESKTOP-DG83TOD
[*] Domain: WORKGROUP

...

[*] [*] 9/4/2022 8:54:12 AM - Starting Category Account Policies
[😺] ID 1103, Store passwords using reversible encryption, Result=0, Severity=Passed
[😺] ID 1100, Account lockout threshold, Result=10, Severity=Passed
[😺] ID 1101, Account lockout duration, Result=30, Severity=Passed

...

[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:12 AM - Starting Category User Rights Assignment
[😿] ID 1200, Access this computer from the network, Result=BUILTIN\Administrators;BUILTIN\Users, Recommended=BUILTIN\Administrators, Severity=Medium

...

[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:14 AM - Starting Category Administrative Templates: Printer
[🙀] ID 1764, Point and Print Restrictions: When installing drivers for a new connection (CVE-2021-34527), Result=1, Recommended=0, Severity=High
[🙀] ID 1765, Point and Print Restrictions: When updating drivers for an existing connection (CVE-2021-34527), Result=2, Recommended=0, Severity=High

...

[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:19 AM - Starting Category MS Security Guide
[😿] ID 2200, LSA Protection, Result=, Recommended=1, Severity=Medium
[😼] ID 2201, Lsass.exe audit mode, Result=, Recommended=8, Severity=Low

...

[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:25 AM - HardeningKitty is done
[*] 9/4/2022 8:54:25 AM - Your HardeningKitty score is: 4.82. HardeningKitty Statistics: Total checks: 325 - Passed: 213, Low: 33, Medium: 76, High: 3.

How To Install

First create the directory HardeningKitty and for every version a sub directory like 0.9.0 in a path listed in the PSModulePath environment variable.

Copy the module HardeningKitty.psm1, HardeningKitty.psd1, and the lists directory to this new directory.

PS C:\tmp> $Version = "v.0.9.0"
PS C:\tmp> New-Item -Path $Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\HardeningKitty\$Version -ItemType Directory
PS C:\tmp> Copy-Item -Path .\HardeningKitty.psd1,.\HardeningKitty.psm1,.\lists\ -Destination $Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\HardeningKitty\$Version\ -Recurse

For more information see Microsoft's article Installing a PowerShell Module.

How to Automatically Download and Install the Latest Release

You can use the script below to download and install the latest release of HardeningKitty.

Function InstallHardeningKitty() {
    $Version = ((Invoke-WebRequest "https://api.github.com/repos/0x6d69636b/windows_hardening/releases/latest" -UseBasicParsing) | ConvertFrom-Json).Name
    $HardeningKittyLatestVersionDownloadLink = ((Invoke-WebRequest "https://api.github.com/repos/0x6d69636b/windows_hardening/releases/latest" -UseBasicParsing) | ConvertFrom-Json).zipball_url
    $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
    Invoke-WebRequest $HardeningKittyLatestVersionDownloadLink -Out HardeningKitty$Version.zip
    Expand-Archive -Path ".\HardeningKitty$Version.zip" -Destination ".\HardeningKitty$Version" -Force
    $Folder = Get-ChildItem .\HardeningKitty$Version | Select-Object Name -ExpandProperty Name
    Move-Item ".\HardeningKitty$Version\$Folder\*" ".\HardeningKitty$Version\"
    Remove-Item ".\HardeningKitty$Version\$Folder\"
    New-Item -Path $Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\HardeningKitty\$Version -ItemType Directory
    Set-Location .\HardeningKitty$Version
    Copy-Item -Path .\HardeningKitty.psd1,.\HardeningKitty.psm1,.\lists\ -Destination $Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\HardeningKitty\$Version\ -Recurse
    Import-Module "$Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\HardeningKitty\$Version\HardeningKitty.psm1"
}
InstallHardeningKitty

Examples

Audit

The default mode is audit. HardeningKitty performs an audit, saves the results to a CSV file and creates a log file. The files are automatically named and receive a timestamp. Using the parameters ReportFile or LogFile, it is also possible to assign your own name and path.

The Filter parameter can be used to filter the hardening list. For this purpose the PowerShell ScriptBlock syntax must be used, for example { $_.ID -eq 4505 }. The following elements are useful for filtering: ID, Category, Name, Method, and Severity.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode Audit -Log -Report

HardeningKitty can be executed with a specific list defined by the parameter FileFindingList. If HardeningKitty is run several times on the same system, it may be useful to hide the machine information. The parameter SkipMachineInformation is used for this purpose.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -FileFindingList .\lists\finding_list_0x6d69636b_user.csv -SkipMachineInformation

HardeningKitty uses the default list, and checks only tests with the severity Medium.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Filter { $_.Severity -eq "Medium" }

Config

The mode config retrives all current settings of a system. If a setting has not been configured, HardeningKitty will use a default value stored in the finding list. This mode can be combined with other functions, for example to create a backup.

HardeningKitty gets the current settings and stores them in a report:

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode Config -Report -ReportFile C:\tmp\my_hardeningkitty_report.csv

Backup

Backups are important. Really important. Therefore, HardeningKitty also has a function to retrieve the current configuration and save it in a form that can be partially restored.

Disclaimer: HardeningKitty tries to restore the original configuration. This works quite well with registry keys and Hardening Kitty really tries its best. But the backup function is not a snapshot and does not replace a real system backup. It is not possible to restore the system 1:1 with HardeningKitty alone after HailMary. If this is a requirement, create an image or system backup and restore it.

The Backup switch specifies that the file is written in form of a finding list and can thus be used for the HailMary mode. The name and path of the backup can be specified with the parameter BackupFile.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode Config -Backup

Please test this function to see if it really works properly on the target system before making any serious changes. A Schrödinger's backup is dangerous.

Non-Default Finding List

Note that if -FileFindingList is not specified, the backup is referred to the default finding list. Before deploying a specific list in HailMary mode, always create a backup referred to that specific list.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode Config -Backup -BackupFile ".\myBackup.csv" -FileFindingList ".\list\{list}.csv"

Restoring a Backup

The Backup switch creates a file in form of a finding list, to restore the backup load it in HailMary mode like any find list:

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode HailMary -Log -Report -FileFindingList ".\myBackup.csv"

HailMary

The HailMary method is very powerful. It can be used to deploy a finding list on a system. All findings are set on this system as recommended in the list. With power comes responsibility. Please use this mode only if you know what you are doing. Be sure to have a backup of the system.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode HailMary -Log -Report -FileFindingList .\lists\finding_list_0x6d69636b_machine.csv

Before HailMary is run, a finding list must be picked. It is important to check whether the settings have an influence on the stability and functionality of the system. Before running HailMary, a backup should be made.

Create a Group Policy (experimental)

Thanks to @gderybel, HardeningKitty can convert a finding list into a group policy. As a basic requirement, the Group Policy Management PowerShell module must be installed. At the moment only registry settings can be converted and not everything has been tested yet. A new policy is created, as long as it is not assigned to an object, no change is made to the system. Use it with care.

Invoke-HardeningKitty -Mode GPO -FileFindingList .\lists\finding_list_0x6d69636b_machine.csv -GPOName HardeningKitty-Machine-01

HardeningKitty Score

Each Passed finding gives 4 points, a Low finding gives 2 points, a Medium finding gives 1 point and a High Finding gives 0 points.

The formula for the HardeningKitty Score is (Points achieved / Maximum points) * 5 + 1.

Rating

HardeningKitty Interface

@ataumo build a web based interface for HardeningKitty. The tool can be used to create your own lists and provides additional information on the hardening settings. The source code is under AGPL license and there is a demo site.

Last Update

HardeningKitty can be used to audit systems against the following baselines / benchmarks:

Sources

• CIS Benchmarks
• Security baseline (FINAL): Windows 10 and Windows Server, version 2004
• Security baseline (FINAL) for Windows 10 and Windows Server, version 20H2
• Security baseline (FINAL) for Windows 10, version 21H1
• Security baseline for Windows 10, version 21H2
• Windows Server 2022 Security Baseline
• Windows 11 Security baseline
• Windows 11, version 22H2 Security baseline
• Kernel DMA Protection for Thunderbolt 3
• BitLocker Countermeasures
• Blocking the SBP-2 driver and Thunderbolt controllers to reduce 1394 DMA and Thunderbolt DMA threats to BitLocker
• Manage Windows Defender Credential Guard
• Reduce attack surfaces with attack surface reduction rules
• Configuring Additional LSA Protection
• Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields
• DDE registry settings
• Sysmon
• SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config
• Dane Stuckey - @cryps1s Endpoint Isolation with the Windows Firewall
• Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit 1.0
• Policy Analyzer
• Security baseline for Office 365 ProPlus (v1908, Sept 2019) - FINAL
• Security baseline for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise v2104 - FINAL
• Security baseline for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise v2106 - FINAL
• Security baseline for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise, v2112
• Security baseline for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise v2206
• Security baseline for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise v2306
• mackwage/windows_hardening.cmd
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge version 87
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge version 89
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v92
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v93
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v95
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v96
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v97
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v98
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v99
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v100
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v101
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v102
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v103
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v104
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v105
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v106
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v107
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v108
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v109
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v110
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v111
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v112
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v113
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v114
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v115
• Security baseline for Microsoft Edge v116
• Microsoft Edge - Policies
• A hint for Office 365 Telemetry
• BSI: Microsoft Office Telemetry Analysis report
• Use policy settings to manage privacy controls for Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise
• DoD Cyber Exchange Public - Security Technical Implementation Guides (STIGs) - Group Policy Objects
• BSI SiSyPHuS Win10: Windows 10 Hardening Guideline
• Setup Microsoft Windows or IIS for SSL Perfect Forward Secrecy and TLS 1.2
• Nartac Software - IIS Crypto
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) best practices with the .NET Framework
• TLS Cipher Suites in Windows Server 2022
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) registry settings
• Windows Defender Antivirus can now run in a sandbox
• KB5005010: Restricting installation of new printer drivers after applying the July 6, 2021 updates
• admx.help - Group Policy Administrative Templates Catalog
• How to Defend Users from Interception Attacks via SMB Client Defense
• Migrating from Windows PowerShell 5.1 to PowerShell 7
• Data security and Python in Excel