Ruby Packer

Packing your Ruby application into a single executable.

Features

It takes less than 5 minutes to compile any project with Ruby Packer.

You won't need to modify a single line of code in your application, no matter how you developed it as long as it works in plain Ruby!

• Works on Windows, macOS and Linux
• Windows is supported via the native Windows API; there are no MSYS2/MinGW/Cygwin dependencies
• Creates a binary distribution of your Ruby and/or Rails application
• Supports natively any form of require and load, including dynamic ones (e.g. load(my_path + '/x.rb'))
• Ruby Packer is written in Ruby and is packed and distributed using Ruby Packer itself
• Native C extensions are fully supported
• Open Source, MIT Licensed

Known Limitations

• Some gems that use C extensions that use libc IO to load files from your Rails application will not work with rubyc. Notably, bootsnap will not work with rubyc
• On macOS and Linux, DTrace is currently disabled, see #114

Download

Stable Releases

Here is the latest stable Ruby Packer release:

Unstable Pre-release

Whenever the master branch CI succeeded, a Ruby Packer pre-release binary would be automatically generated. Here is the latest unstable pre-release build:

Install

Install on Windows

First install the prerequisites:

• Visual Studio, all editions including the Community edition (remember to select "Common Tools for Visual C++" feature during installation).
• SquashFS Tools: you might want to first install choco and then execute choco install squashfs.
• Ruby: you might want to install it using RubyInstaller.
• Perl: you might want to install it using Strawberry Perl for Windows.
• Netwide Assembler: please make sure nasm works from your command line.

Then download rubyc.exe from either Unstable Pre-release or Stable Releases. Optionally, put it under C:\Windows or any other PATH directories. Open Visual Studio's "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt" and execute rubyc --help therein.

Install on macOS

First install the prerequisites:

• SquashFS Tools: brew install squashfs
• Xcode
  • You also need to install the Command Line Tools via Xcode. You can find this under the menu Xcode -> Preferences -> Downloads
  • This step will install gcc and the related toolchain containing make
• Ruby

Then download rubyc from either Unstable Pre-release or Stable Releases. Run chmod +x to give it execution permissions and execute ./rubyc --help.

Install on Linux

First install the prerequisites:

• SquashFS Tools
  • sudo yum install squashfs-tools
  • sudo apt install squashfs-tools
• gcc or clang
• GNU Make
• Ruby

Then download rubyc from either Unstable Pre-release or Stable Releases. Run chmod +x to give it execution permissions and execute ./rubyc --help.

Usage

rubyc [OPTION]... [ENTRANCE_FILE]

ENTRANCE_FILE refers to the path of an executable ruby script from your project, e.g. "bin/rails".
If ENTRANCE_FILE was not provided, a single raw Ruby interpreter executable would be produced.

-r, --root=DIR                   The path to the root of your application
-o, --output=FILE                The path of the output file
-d, --tmpdir=DIR                 The directory for temporary files
    --keep-tmpdir                Keeps all temporary files that were generated last time
    --openssl-dir                The path to openssl
    --make-args=ARGS             Extra arguments to be passed to make
    --nmake-args=ARGS            Extra arguments to be passed to nmake
-i, --ignore-file=STRING         Ignore file(s) from build
    --debug                      Enable debug mode
    --quiet                      Enable quiet mode
-v, --version                    Prints the version of rubyc and exit
-V, --ruby-version               Prints the version of the Ruby runtime and exit
    --ruby-api-version           Prints the version of the Ruby API and exit
-h, --help                       Prints this help and exit

The --openssl-dir Option

rubyc compiles its own version of openssl without any certifications. To be able to use ssl with rubyc it should know where to find the certifications.

By default this path is set to /usr/local/etc/openssl/ but can be overridden using the --openssl-dir argument.

Keep in mind that users running your compiled package should have their certifications present in this directory as well.

The --ignore-file Option

If you don't want certain files included in the build you can ignore them from the command line using -i.

rubyc -i ignore.file -i ignore-2.file -i "ignore*"

Alternatively you can create a .rubycignore file in the root of your project to specify which files should be ignored.

Examples

Producing a Portable Ruby Interpreter Executable

I.e. packing the raw Ruby interpreter without packing any projects:

rubyc
./a.out (or a.exe on Windows)

Packing a CLI utility

Taking Ruby Packer itself as an example of the CLI utility to pack:

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/pmq20/ruby-packer
cd ruby-packer
rubyc bin/rubyc
./a.out (or a.exe on Windows)

Packing a Rails Application

rails new yours
cd yours
rubyc bin/rails
./a.out server (or a.exe server on Windows)

Building rubyc from Source

To build rubyc you must have a C compiler and the necessary toolchain to build ruby and the libraries stuffed inside rubyc which include at least:

• gdbm
• libffi
• ncurses
• openssl
• readline
• yaml
• zlib

If you are unsure if your toolchain is complete then trying to build rubyc will let you know you are missing something. Unfortunately it may tell you with some unfamiliar message. Please file an issue here if this occurs.

Once your toolchain is set up run bundle. To compile your own rubyc run:

bundle exec rake rubyc

Or (if you want to compile with debug symbols):

ENCLOSE_IO_RUBYC_ADDTIONAL_ARGS=--debug bundle exec rake rubyc

This will produce a single rubyc executable, which can be put inside any of your PATH locations, so that it can be directly called from the command prompt. For example:

mv rubyc /usr/local/bin

Remember that rubyc includes all the files from the current directory in the built executable. You must delete the prior rubyc or your squashfs will continually grow larger and the embedded squashfs compile time will be very, very long.

Authors

Minqi Pan et al.

License

MIT

See Also

• RubyConf 2017 (New Orleans, LA) presentation video: Packing your Ruby application into a single executable.
• Libsquash: portable, user-land SquashFS that can be easily linked and embedded within your application.
• Squashfs Tools: tools to create and extract Squashfs filesystems.