Lectrote

The IF interpreter in an Electron shell

• Version 1.4.4
• Created by Andrew Plotkin [email protected]
• Download the latest Lectrote app

Lectrote packages up IF interpreters with the Chromium browser as a Mac/Win/Linux app.

When launched, it prompts you to select a game file to play. You can play several games at the same time in separate windows. Your position is always autosaved; when you launch a game, your last play session will automatically be resumed.

Lectrote currently supports:

• Glulx games (.ulx or .gblorb), as produced by Inform 7.
• Z-code games (.z3/.z4/.z5/.z8 or .zblorb), as produced by Inform 7 or earlier versions of Inform.
• Hugo games (.hex).
• TADS2 and TADS3 games (.gam, .t3).
• Ink compiled game files (.json), as produced by the Ink scripting language.

You can also use this package to construct a "bound game" -- an app which plays a single built-in game. This is a package containing Chromium, the interpreter, your game file, and perhaps some additional configuration. You can distribute this as a standalone game application; it's bulky but it lets people play your game.

Linux note: Depending on your Linux configuration and how you install this package, you may have to add the --no-sandbox option when launching Lectrote.

Glulx (Inform 7) support

Because this relies on the Quixe interpreter, sound is not supported. It's also not as fast as a native interpreter.

Z-code support

Lectrote uses the ZVM interpreter for Z-machine support. (V3/4/5 and V8 only.)

Hugo support

The Hugo engine does not currently support autosave.

TADS support

The TADS 2/3 engine does not currently support autosave.

Ink support

This relies on the inkjs interpreter. It is a deliberately non-fancy presentation -- no attempt to slow-print the output or hide the choice list.

License information

• Lectrote is copyright (c) 2016-2023, Andrew Plotkin (MIT license)
• Electron is copyright (c) 2013-2023 GitHub Inc. (MIT license)
• Quixe is copyright (c) 2010-2023, Andrew Plotkin (MIT license)
• inkjs is copyright (c) 2017-2023 Yannick Lohse (MIT license)
• ifvms.js is copyright (c) 2016-2023 Dannii Willis and other contributors (MIT license)
• emglken is copyright (c) 2012-2023, Andrew Plotkin, Dannii Willis (MIT license)
• Git (in emglken) is copyright (c) 2003 Iain Merrick (MIT license)
• Glulxe (in emglken) is copyright (c) 1999-2023, Andrew Plotkin (MIT license)
• Hugo (in emglken) is copyright (c) 2011 by Kent Tessman (BSD license)
• TADS (in emglken) is copyright (c) 1991-2012 by Michael J. Roberts (dual-licensed GPL/TADS license)
• RemGlk (in emglken) is copyright (c) 2012-2023, Andrew Plotkin (MIT license)

For developers

If you've just downloaded the source code for this puppy, it's easy to make a runnable version.

First, you need to have the Node development tools installed. Everything relies on the npm command-line tool. See Installing Node.js via package manager.

To fetch all the necessary Node packages and place them in a node_modules directory:

npm install

This command also fetches the Quixe submodule (which will live in the quixe directory). You must have git installed for this to work.

Now just type

npm start

...to launch the app.

When run this way, the app will show up named as "Electron", not "Lectrote".

Packaging Lectrote

The makedist.py script builds the zip files which you see on the release page. (Yes, it is silly to use a Python packaging script in a Node.js package. Maybe I'll rewrite it into Javascript. Later.)

python3 makedist.py

This creates build directories and then zip files in a dist directory. Add -b to only generate the build dirs; -z to transform existing build dirs into zip files.

You can add arguments to narrow down the platforms you are building, e.g.:

python3 makedist.py darwin
python3 makedist.py win32
python3 makedist.py linux
python3 makedist.py win32-x64

Note that "darwin" includes "darwin-x64", "darwin-arm64", and "darwin-universal" (both packaged together).

If you want to code-sign the Mac version, use the --macsign argument:

python3 makedist.py darwin --macsign 'Developer ID Application: ...'

You must be a registered Apple developer to do this. The argument must be the name of the "Developer Id Application" certificate in your keychain. Run the Keychain Access app to see this. If you don't have one, the easiest way to set it up is to run Xcode, open the Preferences, select Accounts, and hit Manage Certificates.

Packaging a bound game

You will need to create a separate directory for your game's files. Copy package.json to the directory, adding or modifying these lines:

• name: A node package name. This is not used anywhere, so it doesn't really matter.
• productName: The display name for the app.
• version: Version number of your game.
• author: You, the game's author.
• description: One-line description of your game.
• lectrotePackagedGame: Pathname to the game file.
• lectroteSoleInterpreter: Set to "ifvms", "inkjs", "emglken" to include just one of Lectrote's interpreter engines. (Optional, but it saves a little bit of space.) (Note that Git, Glulxe, Hugo, and TADS are all handled by the emglken package. There's currently no way to include just one of them.)
• lectroteExtraFiles: An array of extra files to include. These are assumed to be in the game directory, so you do not have to include the directory prefix. (This list must include the game file -- yes, it's redundant with lectrotePackagedGame.)
• lectroteMacAppID: If you plan to build a MacOS app, a reverse-DNS ID string to uniquely identify it.
• lectroteCopyright: Copyright string (applied to Windows binaries).

(Do not change lectroteVersion; that should always show the Lectrote release that you built your bound app from.)

To create a Mac DMG archive, you will also need a resources/pack-dmg-spec.json file. See samplegame/resources/pack-dmg-spec.json. You should update the "title", the "dist/Adventure-$PLATFORM$" paths under "contents", and (if you want) the "background" image which is used for the folder window.

You may also copy any of Lectrote's content files to your game directory and customize them. You will probably want to customize about.html, for example.

The samplegame directory in the Lectrote source demonstrates the layout. It will be simplest to clone that and alter it.

Once your files are ready, do:

python3 makedist.py --game GAMEDIR

This will build and package apps for all platforms. (You can test this out of the box by using samplegame for the GAMEDIR.) As noted above, you can cut down the stages or targets with the -b, -z options or by naming platforms.

You cannot launch a bound game by typing npm start. You have to package it, at least to the -b stage, and run it from the dist directory.

Customizing your bound app

As noted, you can copy play.html, el-glkote.css, or other Lectrote files into your gamedir and customize them. When packaging with the --game option, files found in the gamedir will replace normal Lectrote files.

If you add new files (not replacing Lectrote files), be sure to list them in the lectroteExtraFiles array.

You can extend the functionality of the app -- for example, adding or removing menu items. Add a Javascript file to your gamedir, and name it in your package.json file:

"lectroteMainExtension": "GAMEDIR/FILE.js",

(And add it to lectroteExtraFiles as well.)

This file can define new functionality by exporting any of the following Javascript functions. For example, you could say:

exports.launch = function() { ... }

• exports.launch(): Called when the app starts up.
• exports.app_ready(): Called when the app is ready to open windows. At this point the game window has already been opened.
• exports.construct_menu_template(template, special): Called to customize the app menu template. The template argument is a Javascript data structure as described in the Electron Menu docs. special is null for the game window, or one of the strings "about", "prefs", "card" for one of Lectrote's special windows. Modify template and return it.
• exports.set_zoom_factor(val): Called when the app's zoom level changes. The argument is suitable for Electron's setZoomFactor() method.
• exports.set_darklight_mode(val): Called when the OS native theme changes. The argument is false for light theme, true for dark theme.
• exports.export_game_path(): The bound app normally has an "Export Portable Game File..." menu option, which lets the user extract your game file for use in other interpreters. You can implement this function and return null to suppress this menu option. You can also return the pathname of a different game file, which is not actually a useful thing to do.
• exports.cover_image_info: An object { url:URL, width:W, height:H } which provides cover art. This is only needed if your game is not a blorb file. (If it is not provided, Lectrote attempts to load the blorb cover art as usual.)
• exports.about_window_size: An object { width:W, height:H } which customizes the size of the about.html window. (Defaults to { width:600, height:450 }.)

The main Lectrote module exports several functions you can use in your extension code. I have not yet documented them; see the main.js file.

Style customizations for dark/light mode

As of release 1.3.6 (August 2020), Lectrote supports OS dark theme. You should do the same for any windows you have added or customized.

Look at about.html to see how this works. The evhan_darklight() function alters the document style; the onready() function now sets up a callback for this function. The <body> tag now has <body id="body"> to support this, and several .DarkMode stanzas have been added to the CSS. You should copy these changes in your own about.html.

When opening a window, use a backgroundColor line to set the loading color, minimizing flash:

backgroundColor: (electron.nativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors ? '#000' : '#FFF'),

Then, in the dom-ready event, send a message to convey the OS theme:

win.webContents.send('set-darklight-mode', electron.nativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors);

Also add a set_darklight_mode() routine to your extension code (see above). This routine should send the same message to all open windows.

In the window, set up a handler for this message and adjust your body styles appropriately:

require('electron').ipcRenderer.on('set-darklight-mode', function(ev, arg) {
	// arg is false for light mode, true for dark mode.
});

See about.html and if-card.html for examples of dark/light style handling.

Be sure to test that your windows open with the appropriate theme (matching the OS theme), and also that they change dynamically when the OS theme changes.