OrientDB-PHP

A plain PHP driver to OrientDB graph database using its binary protocol.

Description

Current status is: Beta. (Meaning specs can be changed slightly. However, driver is surely usable right now)

Code is licensed under New BSD License and provided "as is". For complete license information see file LICENSE.

Current OrientDB version to work with is: 1.5.0-RELEASE (2013-07-30) (revision 4d28095). It can be downloaded from OrientDB's Wiki Downloads page.

Code compatible to previous binary releases of OrientDB can be found in repository's tags or in Downloads section.

Current protocol version implemented: 15

Requirements

This library requires:

• PHP 5.3.x
  • spl extension (since PHP 5.3.0 this extension is always available)
  • PCRE extension (as of PHP 5.3.0 this extension cannot be disabled and is therefore always present)
  • bcmath extension (Since PHP 4.0.4, libbcmath is bundled with PHP. These functions are only available if PHP was configured with --enable-bcmath .). Used on 32bit systems for dealing with 64bit long.

If PHP 5.3.x is a concern, you can try to run this code in version 5.2.x, however, this is not supported.

Installing OrientDB-PHP

Main public repository of OrientDB-PHP is hosted at https://github.com/AntonTerekhov/OrientDB-PHP.

To install most recent version of library, just type

git clone git://github.com/AntonTerekhov/OrientDB-PHP.git

where you want its file to be located.

You can also install library via Composer: https://packagist.org/packages/orientdb-php/orientdb-php

You can also want to get latest stable version, so check out Downloads section. Stables are marked with tags including this library version and OrientDB version.

Using OrientDB-PHP

OrientDB-PHP uses autoload functionality, so you only need to include OrientDB.php file.

require 'OrientDB/OrientDB.php';

For a complex usage example see file example.php.

Testing OrientDB-PHP

OrientDB-PHP is covered with automatic tests by phpUnit. Tests are located in Tests/ directory.

You can always re-test the whole library by typing

phpunit Tests/

Don't forget to change root password BEFORE running tests.

Function list

Some functions requires to be already connected to OrientDB server (using connect()) or to have database opened (using DBOpen()). This can be referenced at protocol description. If sequence is wrong - exception OrientDBWrongCommandException will be thrown and no interaction with server will be made.

Create a new instance of OrientDB class

$db = new OrientDB(string $host[, int $port[, int $connectTimeout]]);

Example:

$db = new OrientDB('localhost', 2424);

Connect to server

Connects to OrientDB server (not database) with user and password specified. Returns true on success or throws exception.

bool $db->connect(string $userName, string $password);

Example:

$connected = $db->connect('root', 'passwd');

Database functions

DBOpen

Open database for work with or throws exception on failure (non-existent DB, wrong login or password). Return array consist of cluster information and config.

array $db->DBOpen(string $dbName, string $userName, string $password);

Example:

$config = $db->DBOpen('demo', 'writer', 'writer');

DBClose

Closes currently opened database.

Silently closes currently opened database, if any. Socket to OrientDB server is closed, and no further commands are possible. Will throw an exception if no database are open on OrientDB instance.

void $db->DBClose();

DBCreate

Creates new database. Return true on success or throw an exception.

bool $db->DBCreate(string $dbName, string $dbType);

Available types is:

• OrientDB::DB_TYPE_MEMORY for in memory database
• OrientDB::DB_TYPE_LOCAL for physical database

For difference see official OrientDB docs.

Example:

$isCreated = $db->DBCreate('mydb', OrientDB::DB_TYPE_LOCAL);

DBDelete

Delete database with name provided. Always return true.

bool $db->DBDelete(string $dbName);

Example:

$result = $db->DBDelete('testdb');

DBExists

Checks if database with name provided is exists. Return true on success, false is no database exists or throws an exception.

bool $db->DBExists(string $dbName);

Example:

$isExists = $db->DBExists('demo');

DBList

Returns list of databases on server as array, where key is database name and value is string with schema and full disk path to database files on server.

array $db->DBList();

Example:

$list = $db->DBExists('demo');
var_dump($list);

Can produce something like:

array(3) {
  ["demo"]=>
  string(76) "local:/home/orientdb/databases/demo"
  ["temp"]=>
  string(11) "memory:temp"
}

Record manipulation functions

recordCreate

Create record in specified cluster with content and type. Returns record position in cluster.

int $db->recordCreate( int  $clusterID, string|OrientDBRecord $recordContent[, string $recordType]);

Available record types are:

• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_BYTES
• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT
• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_FLAT

Default type used is OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT.

Example 1:

$recordPos = $db->recordCreate(1, 'name:"John"');

You can, however, use instance of class OrientDBRecord to create new entry in OrientDB server. If so, some of this instance properties (clusterID, recordPos, recordID, version) will be filled with correct values. See example below:

Example 2:

$record = new OrientDBRecord();
$record->data->name = 'John';

$recordPos = $db->recordCreate(1, $record);

echo $record->recordPos . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->clusterID . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->recordID . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->version . PHP_EOL;

Can produce something like:

1
5
1:5
0

Due to PHP's behavior, objects are always passed by reference instead of int, for example. This, if automatically updating of record fields is not an option, can get you in trouble. So, in that case you should see example below:

Example 3:

$record = new OrientDBRecord();
$record->data->name = 'John';

$recordPos = $db->recordCreate(1, (string) $record);

Please, note, that using OrientDBRecord instance in methods (for example, recordCreate or recordCreate) doesn't automatically fill up other method parameters, you still have to pass them manually.

recordDelete

Delete record with specified recordID and optionally, version. Returns true on success, false otherwise or throws an exception.

bool $db->recordDelete(string $recordID[, int $recordVersion]);

Default version is -1. This means no version check will be done.

Example:

$result = $db->recordDelete('1:1');

$result = $db->recordDelete('1:1', 1);

recordLoad

Load record by recordID and, optionally, fetchplan. Returns record or false. In some cases (e.g. recordPos is out of file bounds) can throw an exception

OrientDBRecord $db->recordLoad(string $recordID[, string $fetchPlan]);

Default fetchplan is *:0, which mean load only record specified.

Example:

$record = $db->recordLoad('1:1');

If fetchplan is explicit and there are some records returned by OrientDB, they located in $db->cachedRecords as associative array with keys from recordIDs and values are record themselves.

This example

$record = $db->recordLoad('1:1', '*:-1');
var_dump($db->cachedRecords);

Will produce something like this:

array(2) {
    ["11:0"]=>
    object(OrientDBRecord)#178 (8) {
        ...

During next call to any method which is able to populate $db->cachedRecords (e.g. recordLoad() or command()) this array will be reset.

recordUpdate

Update record with specified recordID and, optionally, version. Returns new record version on success, -1 otherwise or throws an exception.

int $db->recordUpdate(string $recordID, string|OrientDBRecord $recordContent[, int $recordVersion[, string $recordType]]);

Default version is -1. This means no version check will be done.

Available record types are:

• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_BYTES
• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT
• OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_FLAT

Default type used is OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT.

Examples 1:

$version = $db->recordUpdate('1:1', 'Name:"Bob"');
$version = $db->recordUpdate('1:1', 'Name:"Sam"', 1, OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT);

You can, however, use instance of class OrientDBRecord to update record in OrientDB server. If so, some of this instance properties (clusterID, recordPos, recordID, version) will be filled with correct values. See example below:

Example 2:

$record = new OrientDBRecord();
$record->data->name = 'John';

$recordPos = $db->recordUpdate('1:1', $record);

echo $record->recordPos . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->clusterID . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->recordID . PHP_EOL;
echo $record->version . PHP_EOL;

Can produce something like:

1
1
1:1
3

Due to PHP's behavior, objects are always passed by reference instead of int, for example. This, if automatically updating of record fields is not an option, can get you in trouble. So, in that case you should see example below:

Example 3:

$record = new OrientDBRecord();
$record->data->name = 'John';

$recordPos = $db->recordUpdate('1:1', (string) $record);

Please, note, that using OrientDBRecord instance in methods (for example, recordCreate or recordCreate) doesn't automatically fill up other method parameters, you still have to pass them manually.

Config commands

configList

Get list of configurable options. Returns associative array with keys from option names and values themselves.

array $db->configList();

Example:

$options = $db->configList();

configGet

Get value for config option. Returns value as string. If option name not found returns empty string.

string $db->configGet(string $optionName);

Example:

$value = $db->configGet('log.console.level');

configSet

Set value for config option. Returns true on success or throws an exception.

bool $db->configSet(string $optionName, string $optionValue);

Example:

$result = $db->configSet('log.console.level', 'info');

Datacluster commands

dataclusterAdd

Add new datacluster with specified name and type. Returns new cluster ID or throws an exception.

int $db->dataclusterAdd(string $clusterName, string $clusterType);

Cluster types available are:

• OrientDB::DATACLUSTER_TYPE_LOGICAL
• OrientDB::DATACLUSTER_TYPE_PHYSICAL
• OrientDB::DATACLUSTER_TYPE_MEMORY

Example:

$clusterID = $db->dataclusterAdd('testcluster', OrientDB::DATACLUSTER_TYPE_PHYSICAL);

dataclusterRemove

Removes datacluster by its ID. Returns true on success or throws an exception.

bool $db->dataclusterRemove(int $clusterID);

Example:

$result = $db->dataclusterRemove(10);

dataclusterCount

Counts elements in clusters specified by cluster IDs. Returns count or throws an exception.

int $db->dataclusterCount(array $clusterIDs);

Example:

$count = $db->dataclusterCount(array(1, 2));

dataclusterDatarange

Returns datarange for specified cluster ID. Returns array of start and end positions or throws an exception.

array $db->dataclusterDatarange(int $clusterID);

Example:

$data = $db->dataclusterDatarange(int $clusterID);

array(2) {
    ["start"]=>
    int(0)
    ["end"]=>
    int(126)
}

Datasegment commands

Not implemented yet.

commit

Commits a transaction. Not yet implemented.

count

Get count of records in cluster specified by clusterName. Returns int or throws an exception.

int $db->count(string $clusterName);

Example:

$newcount = $db->count('default');

Querying server

command

This command provide an ability to execute remote SQL commands. Returns mixed or throws an exception.

mixed $db->command(int $commandMode, string $query[, string $fetchplan]);

Command mode is required to be properly match with query text.

Command modes available are:

• OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY - for general queries, including INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, FIND REFERENCES, etc.
• OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_SYNC - only for SELECT in synchronous mode
• OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_ASYNC - only for SELECT in asynchronous mode
• OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_GREMLIN - only for Gremlin engine, available with OrientDB - Graph Edition only

Fetchplan is used to pre-fetch some records. Using fetchplan will populate $db->cachedRecords array as for recordLoad().

Default fetchplan is *:0.

Examples:

$records = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_ASYNC, 'select * from city limit 7');
$records = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_ASYNC, 'select from city traverse( any() )', '*:-1');
$false = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_SYNC, 'select from 11:4 where any() traverse(0,10) (address.city = "Rome")');
$links = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY, 'find references 14:1');
$record = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY, 'insert into city (name, country) values ("Potenza", #14:1)');
$updatedCount = $db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY, 'update city set name = "Taranto" where name = "Potenza"');
$deletedCount = $this->db->command(OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY, 'delete from city where name = "Taranto"');

select

Is an alias for command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_SYNC, string $query).

mixed $db->select(string $query);

Example:

$records = $db->select('select from city traverse( any() )');

selectAsync

Is an alias for command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_ASYNC, string $query[, string $fetchplan]).

mixed $db->selectAsync(string $query[, string $fetchplan]);

Example:

$records = $db->selectAsync('select * from city limit 7', '*:-1');

query

Is an alias for command(OrientDB::COMMAND_QUERY, string $query).

mixed $db->query(string $query);

Example:

$records = $db->query('insert into city (name, country) values ("Potenza", #14:1)   ');

selectGremlin

Is an alias for command(OrientDB::COMMAND_SELECT_GREMLIN, string $query[, string $fetchplan]). Please referrer to Gremlin page. Gremlin support is experimental.

mixed $db->selectGremlin(string $query[, string $fetchplan]);

Example:

$records = $db->selectGremlin('g.V', '*:-1');

Other commands

shutdown

Remotely shutdown OrientDB server. Require valid user name and password. See manual for details. Returns nothing on success or throws an exception.

void $db->shutdown(string $userName, string $password);

Example:

$db->shutdown('root', 'password');

Exceptions list

For present moment OrientDB-PHP is using this list of exceptions:

• OrientDBException - base exception, all exceptions listed below are extending this class. This class used as general error class (in case of OrientDB problems).
• OrientDBConnectException - thrown on connect errors.
• OrientDBDeSerializeException - thrown on de-serialization errors.
• OrientDBWrongCommandException - wrong command sequence exception, for example thrown on call recordLoad() if DB is not opened yet.
• OrientDBWrongParamsException - wrong params count or other param-related issues.

OrientDBRecord

This class is representing OrientDB record.

Class is holding as much information from OrientDB as we received.

Class fields

Class fields are:

• className - Class name from OrientDB.
• type - Document type from OrientDB. E.g. OrientDB::RECORD_TYPE_DOCUMENT.
• clusterID - Cluster ID, from which record was loaded.
• recordPos - Record position in cluster.
• recordID - Fully qualified record ID in format clusterID:recordPos.
• version - Document version from OrientDB.
• content - Document content as string in OrientDB's representation.
• data - placeholder where data, deserialized from content, is stored. Developer should manipulate this data in applications.

For complete information on fields data types see PHPDoc in class.

At this point some class fields are public. Please, be careful.

However, class fields content, clusterID, recordPos, recordID and className are using magic methods. All of them are available for reading, while only fields content, clusterID, recordPos and className for writing.

OrientDBRecord Class methods

Class methods are:

• parse() - can be called after maximum amount of fields was populated. Parses content and fill up fields data and className. Field recordPos are filled up automatically on setting recordID or clusterID via magic method __set(). In general, there is no need to call this method directly from user code, as record content is parsed automatically on request to any data or className fields. This is done via OrientDBRecordData class. This magic parsing only done once, until new content is assigned.
• setParsed() - forces that record was already parsed.
• __toString() - serialize back all fields from data. Return a string. Also can be called implicitly as type casting, e.g. (string) $record.
• reset() - fully reset class fields, equals to new
• resetData() - will reset class data, except for clusterID and className.

Class is able to parse almost any record format as received from OrientDB server. However, there are some limitations about few Java primitive data types, e.g. short. This is a planned TODO.

OrientDBData Class

This class is used to store deserialized content of record. Deserialization is done "on the fly" while code accessing some of the class fields.

Class OrientDBData implements Countable, Iterator interfaces. As a result, you can use foreach() loop and count():

foreach ($record->data as $key => $value) {
    echo $key . '=' . $value . PHP_EOL;
}

echo count($record->data);

Class OrientDBData contains magic methods __isset() and __unset(), so any of class's properties can be checked with isset() and unsetted with unset().

if (isset($reord->data->key)) {
    unset($record->data->key);
}

Also, class has method getKeys() which is similar to array_keys.

Examples

recordLoad:

$record = $db->recordLoad('12:1', '*:2');
var_dump($record);

will produce

object(OrientDBRecord)#197 (9) {
  ["className"]=>
  string(7) "Address"
  ["type"]=>
  string(1) "d"
  ["clusterID"]=>
  int(12)
  ["recordPos"]=>
  int(1)
  ["recordID"]=>
  string(4) "12:1"
  ["version"]=>
  int(0)
  ["content"]=>
  string(61) "Address@street:"Piazza Navona, 1",type:"Residence",city:#13:0"
  ["data"]=>
  object(stdClass)#172 (3) {
    ["street"]=>
    string(16) "Piazza Navona, 1"
    ["type"]=>
    string(9) "Residence"
    ["city"]=>
    object(OrientDBTypeLink)#195 (1) {
      ["link":"OrientDBTypeLink":private]=>
      string(4) "13:0"
    }
  }
}

recordCreate

$record = new OrientDBRecord();
$record->data->FirstName = 'Bruce';
$record->data->LastName = 'Wayne';
$record->data->appearance = 1939;
$recordPos = $db->recordCreate($clusterID, (string) $record);
var_dump($db->recordLoad($clusterID . ':' . $recordPos));

will produce

object(OrientDBRecord)#176 (9) {
  ["className"]=>
  NULL
  ["type"]=>
  string(1) "d"
  ["clusterID"]=>
  int(1)
  ["recordPos"]=>
  int(138)
  ["recordID"]=>
  string(5) "1:138"
  ["version"]=>
  int(0)
  ["content"]=>
  string(50) "FirstName:"Bruce",LastName:"Wayne",appearance:1939"
  ["data"]=>
  object(stdClass)#179 (3) {
    ["FirstName"]=>
    string(5) "Bruce"
    ["LastName"]=>
    string(5) "Wayne"
    ["appearance"]=>
    int(1939)
  }
}

Datatypes

Due to small quantity of PHP's built-in datatypes, this library is introducing some own datatypes.

OrientDBLink

Used to link records with each other.

Two variants of constructing new instance is available:

OrientDBTypeLink(string $value);

String value can be defined with or without leading hash sign.

OrientDBTypeLink(int $clusterID, int $recordPos);

Example 1: String with hash sign

$link = new OrientDBTypeLink('#100:99');
echo $link . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->getHash() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->get() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->clusterID . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->recordPos . PHP_EOL;

Example 2: String without hash sign

$link2 = new OrientDBTypeLink('100:99');
echo $link2 . PHP_EOL;
echo $link2->getHash() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link2->get() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->clusterID . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->recordPos . PHP_EOL;

Example 3: Two integers

$link3 = new OrientDBTypeLink(100, 99);
echo $link2 . PHP_EOL;
echo $link2->getHash() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link2->get() . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->clusterID . PHP_EOL;
echo $link->recordPos . PHP_EOL;

Output of all these examples would be the same:

#100:99
#100:99
100:99
100
99

OrientDBTypeTime

Used to store OrientDB date format with timestamps.

OrientDBTypeLink(mixed $value);

Example:

$date = new OrientDBTypeDate('1302631023t');
$date2 = new OrientDBTypeDate(1302631023);


echo (string) $date . PHP_EOL;
echo  $date->getValue() . PHP_EOL;
echo  $date->getTime() . PHP_EOL;

Both $date and $date2 will output the same:

1302631023t
1302631023t
1302631023

Debugging with OrientDB-PHP

For debug purposes you can enable or disable debug output at anytime.

Example:

$db->DBOpen('demo', 'writer', 'writer');
$recordPos = $db->recordCreate($clusterID, $recordContent);
$this->db->setDebug(true);
$record = $db->recordLoad($clusterID . ':' . $recordPos);
$this->db->setDebug(false);
$result = $db->recordDelete($clusterID . ':' . $recordPos);

The above example will output debug messages only for recordLoad() to standard output stream (browser or console) in this manner:

     0 : 1e 00 00 00 04 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8f 00 [................]
    10 : 00 00 03 2a 3a 30                               [...*:0]
>request_status
     0 : 00                                              [.]
>TransactionID
     0 : 00 00 00 04                                     [....]
>record_status_first
     0 : 01                                              [.]
>record_content
     0 : 00 00 00 0c                                     [....]
     0 : 74 65 73 74 72 65 63 6f 72 64 3a 30             [testrecord:0]
>record_version
     0 : 00 00 00 00                                     [....]
>record_type
     0 : 64                                              [d]
>record_status_cache
     0 : 00                                              [.]

Planned TODOs

• Full support on Java primitive data types, e.g. short or byte.
• Possible more OOP-style work with OrientDBRecord.
• Possible using libevent for selectAsync().
• Support for async mode for RECORD_CREATE, RECORD_UPDATE, RECORD_DELETE
• Support for converting string 'true' to actual boolean true (and other values) in SQL
• Use aliases for query serialization ('q' and 'c') instead of long class names
• Parse special Linkset
• Internally process some OrientDB's exceptions and return false (For example - DBDelete())

Known bugs

• Connecting to OrientDB instance, which is listening 0.0.0.0 (default for OrientDB) can cause errors. Change to 127.0.0.1 in Orient's configuration. See origina issue, see github issue
• Only database with type 'document' is supported right now.

If you found a bug

If you found a bug - feel free to contact me via gitHub, email, or open a new issue.