Reflections

The reflections library provides high-level abstractions on top of the go language standard reflect library.

In practice, the reflect library's API proves somewhat low-level and un-intuitive. Using it can turn out pretty complex, daunting, and scary, especially when doing simple things like accessing a structure field value, a field tag, etc.

The reflections package aims to make developers' life easier when it comes to introspect struct values at runtime. Its API takes inspiration in the python language's getattr, setattr, and hasattr set of methods and provides simplified access to structure fields and tags.

Reflections

Documentation

Head to the documentation to get more details on the library's API.

Usage

`GetField`

GetField returns the content of a structure field. For example, it proves beneficial when you want to iterate over struct-specific field values. You can provide GetField a structure or a pointer to a struct as the first argument.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

fieldsToExtract := []string{"FirstField", "ThirdField"}

for _, fieldName := range fieldsToExtract {
    value, err := reflections.GetField(s, fieldName)
    DoWhatEverWithThatValue(value)
}

`GetFieldKind`

GetFieldKind returns the reflect.Kind of a structure field. You can use it to operate type assertion over a structure field at runtime. You can provide GetFieldKind a structure or a pointer to structure as the first argument.

s := MyStruct{
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

var firstFieldKind reflect.String
var secondFieldKind reflect.Int
var err error

firstFieldKind, err = GetFieldKind(s, "FirstField")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

secondFieldKind, err = GetFieldKind(s, "SecondField")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

`GetFieldType`

GetFieldType returns the string literal of a structure field type. You can use it to operate type assertion over a structure field at runtime. You can provide GetFieldType a structure or a pointer to structure as the first argument.

s := MyStruct{
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

var firstFieldKind string
var secondFieldKind string
var err error

firstFieldKind, err = GetFieldType(s, "FirstField")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

secondFieldKind, err = GetFieldType(s, "SecondField")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

`GetFieldTag`

GetFieldTag extracts a specific structure field tag. You can provide GetFieldTag a structure or a pointer to structure as the first argument.

s := MyStruct{}

tag, err := reflections.GetFieldTag(s, "FirstField", "matched")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(tag)

tag, err = reflections.GetFieldTag(s, "ThirdField", "unmatched")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(tag)

`HasField`

HasField asserts a field exists through the structure. You can provide HasField a struct or a pointer to a struct as the first argument.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

// has == true
has, _ := reflections.HasField(s, "FirstField")

// has == false
has, _ := reflections.HasField(s, "FourthField")

`Fields`

Fields returns the list of structure field names so that you can access or update them later. You can provide Fields with a struct or a pointer to a struct as the first argument.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

var fields []string

// Fields will list every structure exportable fields.
// Here, it's content would be equal to:
// []string{"FirstField", "SecondField", "ThirdField"}
fields, _ = reflections.Fields(s)

`Items`

Items returns the structure's field name to the values map. You can provide Items with a struct or a pointer to structure as the first argument.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

var structItems map[string]interface{}

// Items will return a field name to
// field value map
structItems, _ = reflections.Items(s)

`Tags`

Tags returns the structure's fields tag with the provided key. You can provide Tags with a struct or a pointer to a struct as the first argument.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",      `matched:"first tag"`
    SecondField: 2,                 `matched:"second tag"`
    ThirdField: "third value",      `unmatched:"third tag"`
}

var structTags map[string]string

// Tags will return a field name to tag content
// map. N.B that only field with the tag name
// you've provided will be matched.
// Here structTags will contain:
// {
// "FirstField": "first tag",
// "SecondField": "second tag",
// }
structTags, _ = reflections.Tags(s, "matched")

`SetField`

SetField updates a structure's field value with the one provided. Note that you can't set un-exported fields and that the field and value types must match.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",
    SecondField: 2,
    ThirdField: "third value",
}

//To be able to set the structure's values,
// it must be passed as a pointer.
_ := reflections.SetField(&s, "FirstField", "new value")

// If you try to set a field's value using the wrong type,
// an error will be returned
err := reflection.SetField(&s, "FirstField", 123) // err != nil

`GetFieldNameByTagValue`

GetFieldNameByTagValue looks up a field with a matching {tagKey}:"{tagValue}" tag in the provided obj item. If obj is not a struct, nor a pointer, or it does not have a field tagged with the tagKey, and the matching tagValue, this function returns an error.

s := MyStruct {
    FirstField: "first value",      `matched:"first tag"`
    SecondField: 2,                 `matched:"second tag"`
    ThirdField: "third value",      `unmatched:"third tag"`
}

// Getting field name from external source as json would be a headache to convert it manually, 
// so we get it directly from struct tag
// returns fieldName = "FirstField"
fieldName, _ = reflections.GetFieldNameByTagValue(s, "matched", "first tag");

// later we can do GetField(s, fieldName)

Important notes

Un-exported fields can't be accessed nor set using the reflections library. The Go lang standard reflect library intentionally prohibits un-exported fields values access or modifications.

Contribute

Check for open issues or open a new issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug.
Fork the repository on GitHub to start making your changes to the master branch, or branch off of it.
Write tests showing that the bug was fixed or the feature works as expected.
Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :) Make sure to add yourself to AUTHORS.

oleiade/reflections

oleiade

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