tfrecords

Convenience functions to create tfrecords that can be used with classification, detection and keypoint localization systems. The create_tfrecords.py file will help create the correct tfrecords to feed into those systems.

There are configuration parameters that dictate whether to store the raw images in the tfrecords or not (store_images=True in create_tfrecords.create method or --store_images when calling create_tfrecords.py from the command line). If you choose not to store the raw images in the tfrecords, then you should be mindful that the filename field needs to be a valid path on the system where you will be processing the tfrecords. Also, if those images are too big, you may find that your input pipelines for your model struggle to fill the input queues. Resizing images to 800px seems to work well.

Inputs

The data needs to be stored in an Example protocol buffer. The protocol buffer will have the following fields:

Key	Value
image/id	string containing an identifier for this image.
image/filename	string containing a file system path to the of the image file.
image/encoded	string containing JPEG encoded image in RGB colorspace
image/height	integer, image height in pixels
image/width	integer, image width in pixels
image/colorspace	string, specifying the colorspace, e.g. 'RGB'
image/channels	integer, specifying the number of channels, e.g. 3
image/format	string, specifying the format, e.g. 'JPEG'
image/extra	string, any extra data can be stored here. For example, this can be a string encoded json structure.
image/class/label	integer specifying the index in a classification layer. The label ranges from [0, num_labels), e.g 0-99 if there are 100 classes.
image/class/text	string specifying the human-readable version of the label e.g. 'White-throated Sparrow'
image/class/conf	float value specifying the confidence of the label. For example, a probability output from a classifier.
image/object/count	an integer, the number of object annotations. For example, this should match the number of bounding boxes.
image/object/area	a float array of object areas; normalized coordinates. For example, the simplest case would simply be the area of the bounding boxes. Or it could be the size of the segmentation. Normalized in this case means that the area is divided by the (image width x image height)
image/object/id	an array of strings indicating the id of each object.
image/object/bbox/xmin	a float array, the left edge of the bounding boxes; normalized coordinates.
image/object/bbox/xmax	a float array, the right edge of the bounding boxes; normalized coordinates.
image/object/bbox/ymin	a float array, the top left corner of the bounding boxes; normalized coordinates.
image/object/bbox/ymax	a float array, the top edge of the bounding boxes; normalized coordinates.
image/object/bbox/score	a float array, the score for the bounding box. For example, the confidence of a detector.
image/object/bbox/label	an integer array, specifying the index in a classification layer. The label ranges from [0, num_labels)
image/object/bbox/text	an array of strings, specifying the human readable label for the bounding box.
image/object/bbox/conf	a float array, the confidence of the label for the bounding box. For example, a probability output from a classifier.
image/object/parts/x	a float array of x locations for a part; normalized coordinates.
image/object/parts/y	a float array of y locations for a part; normalized coordinates.
image/object/parts/v	an integer array of visibility flags for the parts. 0 indicates the part is not visible (e.g. out of the image plane). 1 indicates the part is occluded. 2 indicates the part is visible.
image/object/parts/score	a float array of scores for the parts. For example, the confidence of a keypoint localizer.

Take note:

Many of the above fields can be empty. Most of the different systems using the tfrecords will only need a subset of the fields.
The bounding box coordinates, part coordinates and areas need to be normalized. For the bounding boxes and parts this means that the x values have been divided by the width of the image, and the y values have been divided by the height of the image. This ensures that the pixel location can be recovered on any (aspect-perserved) resized version of the original image. The areas are normalized by they area of the image.
The origin of an image is the top left. All pixel locations will be interpreted with respect to that origin.

The create_tfrecords.py file has a convience function for generating the tfrecord files. You will need to preprocess your dataset and get it into a python list of dicts. Each dict represents an image and should have a structure that mimics the tfrecord structure above. However, slashes are replaced by nested dictionaries, and the outermost image dictionary is implied. Here is an example of a valid dictionary structure for one image:

image_data = {
  "filename" : "/path/to/image_1.jpg", 
  "id" : "0",
  "class" : {
    "label" : 1,
    "text" : "Indigo Bunting",
    "conf" : 0.9
  },
  "object" : {
    "count" : 1,
    "area" : [.49],
    "id" : ["1"],
    "bbox" : {
      "xmin" : [0.1],
      "xmax" : [0.8],
      "ymin" : [0.2],
      "ymax" : [0.9],
      "label" : [1],
      "score" : [0.8],
      "conf" : [0.9]
    },
    "parts" : {
      "x" : [0.2, 0.5],
      "y" : [0.3, 0.6],
      "v" : [2, 1],
      "score" : [1.0, 1.0]
    }
  }
}

Not all of the fields are required. For example, if you just want to train a classifier using the whole image as an input, then your dictionaries could look like:

image_data = {
  "filename" : "/path/to/image_1.jpg", 
  "id" : "0",
  "class" : {
    "label" : "1"
  }
}

If the encoded key is not provided, then the create method will read in the image by using the filename value (if we request the images to be stored in the tfrecords). In this case, it is assumed that image is stored in either jpg or png format. The image will be converted to the jpg format for storage in the tfrecord. If encoded is provided, then it is required to provide height, width, format, colorspace, and channels as well.

Once you have your dataset preprocessed, you can use the create method in create_tfrecords.py to create the tfrecords files. For example:

# this should be your array of image data dictionaries. 
# Don't forget that you'll want to separate your training and testing data.
train_dataset = [...]

from create_tfrecords import create
failed_images = create(
  dataset=train_dataset,
  dataset_name="train",
  output_directory="/home/gvanhorn/Desktop/train_dataset",
  num_shards=10,
  num_threads=5,
  store_images=True
)

This call to the create method will use 5 threads to produce 10 tfrecord files, each prefixed with the name train in the directory /home/gvanhorn/Desktop/train_dataset.

All images that cause errors will be returned to the caller. An extra field, error_msg, will be added to the dictionary for that image, and will contain the error message that was thrown when trying to process it. Typically an error is due to filename fields that don't exist.

print("%d images failed." % (len(failed_images),))
for image_data in failed_images:
  print("Image %s: %s" % (image_data['id'], image_data['error_msg']))

If you do not want the images to be stored in the tfrecords, then you can pass store_images=False to the create method. Subsequently, code that reads the tfrecords will be expected to load in the image using the filename field.

If you have saved your preprocessed dataset list into a json file, such as train_tfrecords_dataset.json, then you can call create_tfrecords.py from the command line to create the tfrecords:

python create_tfrecords.py \
--dataset_path /home/gvanhorn/Desktop/train_dataset/train_tfrecords_dataset.json \
--prefix train \
--output_dir /home/gvanhorn/Desktop/train_dataset \
--shards 10 \
--threads 5 \
--shuffle \
--store_images

If you do not want the images stored in the tfrecords, then you can exclude the --store_images argument.

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