NOVA Microhypervisor
This is the source code for the NOVA microhypervisor.
The NOVA microhypervisor combines microkernel and hypervisor functionality and provides an extremely small trusted computing base for user applications and virtual machines running on top of it. The microhypervisor implements a capability-based authorization model and provides basic mechanisms for virtualization, spatial and temporal separation, scheduling, communication, and management of platform resources.
NOVA can be used with a multi-server environment that implements additional operating-system services in user mode, such as device drivers, protocol stacks, and policies. On machines with hardware virtualization features, multiple unmodified guest operating systems can run concurrently on top of the microhypervisor.
This code is experimental and not feature complete. If it breaks, you get to keep both pieces.
Building
Required Tools
The following tools are needed to compile the source code:
- make 3.81 or higher, available from https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/
- binutils 2.38 or higher, available from https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/
- gcc 10.4 or higher, available from https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/
Build Environment
The build environment can be customized permanently in Makefile.conf or
ad hoc by passing the applicable ARCH, BOARD and PREFIX_ variables to
the invocation of make as described below.
PREFIX_aarch64sets the path for an ARMv8-A cross-toolchainPREFIX_x86_64sets the path for an x86 (64bit) cross-toolchain
For example, if the ARMv8-A cross-toolchain is located at
/opt/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc
/opt/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-as
/opt/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-ld
then set PREFIX_aarch64=/opt/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-
Supported Architectures
ARMv8-A (64bit)
For CPUs with ARMv8-A architecture and boards with
- either Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
- or Flattened Device Tree (FDT)
| Board | Build Command | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| ACPI Platform | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=acpi |
Default Board |
| QEMU Virt Platform | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=qemu |
Use -M virt -smp 4 |
| Allwinner A64 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=allwinner_a64 |
4 Cortex-A53, GICv2 |
| Amlogic G12B | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=amlogic_g12b |
2 Cortex-A53, 4 Cortex-A73, GICv2 |
| Amlogic SM1 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=amlogic_sm1 |
4 Cortex-A55, GICv2 |
| Broadcom BCM2711 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=broadcom_bcm2711 |
4 Cortex-A72, GICv2 |
| HiSilicon Hi3660 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=hisilicon_hi3660 |
4 Cortex-A53, 4 Cortex-A73, GICv2 |
| NVIDIA Tegra X1 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=nvidia_tegrax1 |
4 Cortex-A57, GICv2 |
| NVIDIA Tegra X2 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=nvidia_tegrax2 |
4 Cortex-A57, 2 Denver, GICv2, SMMUv2 |
| NVIDIA Xavier | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=nvidia_xavier |
6 Carmel, GICv2, SMMUv2 |
| NXP i.MX 8M | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=nxp_imx8m |
4 Cortex-A53, GICv3 |
| Qualcomm Snapdragon 670 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=qualcomm_sdm670 |
6 Kryo 360 Silver, 2 Kryo 360 Gold, GICv3, SMMUv2 |
| Renesas R-Car M3 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=renesas_rcar3 |
4 Cortex-A53, 2 Cortex-A57, GICv2 |
| Rockchip RK3399 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=rockchip_rk3399 |
4 Cortex-A53, 2 Cortex-A72, GICv3 |
| Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC CG | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=xilinx_zynq_cg |
2 Cortex-A53, GICv2, SMMUv2 |
| Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC Ultra96 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=xilinx_zynq_u96 |
4 Cortex-A53, GICv2, SMMUv2 |
| Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC ZCU102 | make ARCH=aarch64 BOARD=xilinx_zynq_zcu102 |
4 Cortex-A53, GICv2, SMMUv2 |
x86 (64bit)
For CPUs with x86 architecture
- Intel VT-x (VMX+EPT) + optionally VT-d
- AMD-V (SVM+NPT)
and boards with Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI).
| Platform | Build Command | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| x86_64 | make ARCH=x86_64 |
64bit or 32bit VMs |
Control-Flow Enforcement Technology (CET)
NOVA can be built with support for control-flow protection. Because control-flow protected binaries require a CPU with CET support and because of the resulting performance overhead, CFP is disabled by default. Protection features can be enabled at build time as follows:
| Build Command | Feature Level |
|---|---|
make ARCH=x86_64 CFP=none |
No control-flow protection (Default) |
make ARCH=x86_64 CFP=branch |
CET indirect branch tracking (IBT) |
make ARCH=x86_64 CFP=return |
CET shadow stack (SS) |
make ARCH=x86_64 CFP=full |
CET IBT and CET SS |
Booting
See the NOVA interface specification in the doc directory for details
regarding booting the NOVA microhypervisor.
License
The NOVA source code is licensed under the GPL version 2.
Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Udo Steinberg <[email protected]>
Economic rights: Technische Universitaet Dresden (Germany)
Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Udo Steinberg, Intel Corporation.
Copyright (C) 2014 Udo Steinberg, FireEye, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2019-2023 Udo Steinberg, BedRock Systems, Inc.
NOVA is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
published by the Free Software Foundation.
NOVA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License version 2 for more details.
Contact
Feedback and comments should be sent to [email protected]