QCoder
Lightweight package to conduct qualitative coding.
tl;dr
To test with some sample data:
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("ropenscilabs/qcoder")
library(qcoder)
create_qcoder_project("my_qcoder_project", sample = TRUE)
import_project_data(project = "my_qcoder_project")
qcode()
Click "Select project folder" and "my_qcoder_project."
There are two ways to add codes. To use an existing code, highlight the
text to be coded, select the code, click "Add selected code" and then
"Save changes." Text to be assigned a new (or existing) code should be
surrounded by (QCODER) (/QCODER) tags. The closing tag is followed
immediately by the code enclosed in curly brackets and prefixed with a
# for example {#samplecode}
Installation
To install the latest development version, run
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("ropenscilabs/qcoder")
library(qcoder)
Please note that this is not a release-ready version and should be considered experimental and subject to changes. Still, we encourage you to install and send us feedback on our issue tracker.
Motivation
The motivation stems from the need for a free, open source option for analyzing textual qualitative data. Textual qualitative data refers to text from interview transcripts, observation notes, memos, jottings and primary source/archival documents. A detailed discussion of the motivation and other software can be found in our motivation document.
Using QCoder
QCoder is designed to be easy to use and to require minimal knowledge of computer systems and code. Like all software, including other applications for QDA there will be a learning period, but as we develop Qcoder our goal will be to keep the interface simple and steadily improve it. Currently we have a very minimal prototype.
Once you have installed QCoder, load it with the library command.
library(qcoder)
This readme file is going to use sample data to illustrate basic QCoder functionality. We will be using the simplest approach which is to use the QCoder defaults for file names and folders. If you follow those same patterns and conventions with your data you can use QCoder in the same way. A full vignette will explain how to use non standard names and file locations.
To begin we will create a QCoder project with sample data. (To create an empty project leave out the sample option.)
create_qcoder_project("my_qcoder_project", sample = TRUE)
This will create one main folder and four subfolders. Unless you
specified otherwise it will be in your current working directory (you
can find this with the getwd() command at the console). If you have a
specific location where you want to put the folder change your working
directory.
These will hold the documents to be coded, information about the codes, unit information and the r data frames that will be the core of the analysis. For this example the folder and file structures for the sample data will look similar to this.
Documents
In our example we've already placed our documents into the "documents"
folder. At this point we only have tested support for txt files. If you
have documents in other formats you can use "Save As" to convert to txt.
If you have doc, docx, html, pdf, rtf or some other formats these can be
processed if you install the textreadr package. For many users this
will simply require
install.packages("textreadr")
However for other users, particularly those on linux systems, additional steps are required. Please follow the installation instructions for pdftools.
Codes
QCoder has the option to import a list of predefined codes from a CSV file (if you have this in a spreadsheet you can "Save As" csv). This file should have exactly 3 columns with headings:
- code_id (A unique number for each code)
- code (One word description, can use underscores or hyphens)
- code.description (Longer description of the code, must be enclosed in quotation marks.)
To use project defaults, this file should be called codes.csv. Here are the contents of the sample data csv file that comes with QCoder.
code_id,code,code.description
1,"harassment","define or describes harassing behavior"
2,"person_talk","naming a specific person to talk to if there are violations"
3,"gender","mentions gender"
4,"gender_id","mentions gender identity or expression"
5,"consequences","Detailing what happens if someone violates the code of conduct"
6,"license","The license for this code of conduct"
You are not restricted to using the listed codes in the csv file, but this file allows you to produce a detailed codebook including descriptions. (Creating a user interface for adding new codes is high priority item on the project road map.)
Units
Units represent the unit of analysis data are about. Often this is individual people, but it may also be organizations, events or locations. Units may be associated with multiple documents. In the sample data a minimum units file is used, but additional columns can be used to assign attribute data.
The default file name is units.csv; if stored in a spreadsheet this can be created by using "Save As" csv.
(Treatment of units is a work in progress and subject to change.)
Filename,unit_id,Name
1,"rOpenSci"
2,"LIBD Rstats Club"
3,"Carpentries"
4,"Rladies
A second file (and data frame once imported) connects units to
documents.
Our framework allows each unit to be associated with multiple documents
and each document with multiple units. (Note that the sample data is
designed to allow you to add more unit-document links and hence does not
link each unit to a document.)
doc_path,unit_id
CoC_Example1_mod_MU.txt,1
CoC_Example1_MU.txt,2
CoC_Example3_MU.txt,3
CoC_Example4_MU.txt,4
Importing the data
To import this data into Qcode user the import_project_data()
function.
import_project_data(project = "my_qcoder_project")
Now the data_frames folder will contain the imported files.
Now it's time to start coding.
Coding uses a "Shiny App" to provide a user interface to the data. To
launch the app use the function qcode().
qcode()
Which will launch this application. If your current working directory is not the
location of your project, use the use_wd = FALSE option.
However, on Windows this will not work unless you have set a HOME or R_USER.
Coding
Once you have selected your project there will be a drop down menu on the "Add codes to text" tab to allow you to pick a specific document to code. This will pull a document into the editor.
Select your project folder.
Once you have a project, use the drop down menu to select a particular document to code. This will open in an editor. When done coding (instructions below), click Save changes.
Select your project folder.
Switching to the "Codes" tab a list of codes from the codes file is displayed.
Our sample data already has some coding done, and the code-text data is displayed on the "Coded data" tab.
Coding the data
To add codes to the documents uses a tagging system. Text to be assigned a code should be surrounded by (QCODER) (/QCODER) tags. The closing tag is followed immediately by the code enclosed in curly brackets and prefixed with a # for example {#samplecode}
(QCODE)This is the text that is being assigned a code.(/QCODE){#instructions}
One pair of {} can contain multiple codes, each with at # and separated by commas.
Alternatively, to use an existing code, highlight the text to be coded, select the code or codes, click "Add selected code."
When you have finished coding a document press the "Save changes" button.
Cautions and known issues
Each time you save, Qcoder makes a backup copy of your documents data frame. This is for safety and reproducability. This can end up with a lot of files if you save often. You may want to periodically delete some backups to save storage space. An important goal is to move to using git for this purpose.
Currently when you create a new code while coding, this code will be displayed on the Coded data tab, but not on the Codes or Summary tabs. You must go to the first tab of the the qcode application to update those displays. This is a high priority development item.
Road map
QCoder can be used right now for coding. However, we are not yet ready for release.
Our immediate goal is to create a somewhat more advanced minimum viable product. Please see the issue tracker for a list of short-term and longer-term goals. These goals include interoperability with other QDA packages.
The most important thing is to have more people try qcoder and give us feedback! We do not want to release and then discover that our testing has missed problems that are obvious to our intended user base.