bash_unit - bash unit testing enterprise edition framework for professionals!
Synopsis
bash_unit [-f tap] [-p <pattern>] [-r] [test_file]
Description
bash_unit allows you to write unit tests (functions starting with test), run them and, in case of failure, displays the stack trace with source file and line number indications to locate the problem.
You might want to take a look at how to get started before continuing reading this documentation.
(by the way, the documentation you are reading is itself tested with bash-unit)
bash_unit is free software you may contribute to. See CONTRIBUTING.md.
Options
- -p pattern
-
filters tests to run based on the given pattern. You can specify several patterns by repeating this option for each pattern.
- -r
-
executes test cases in random order. Only affects the order within a test file (files are always executed in the order in which they are specified on the command line).
- -f output_format
-
specify an alternative output format. The only supported value is tap.
How to install bash_unit
installing on Archlinux
bash_unit package is available on Archlinux through AUR. In order to install, issue the following command :
yaourt -Sys bash_unit
Nix/NixOS
installing viabash_unit package has been added to nixpkgs. You can use it with the following command:
nix-shell -p bash_unit
other installation
This will install bash_unit in your current working directory:
bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pgrange/bash_unit/master/install.sh)
You can also download it from the release page.
How to run tests
To run tests, simply call bash_unit with all your tests files as parameter. For instance to run some bash_unit tests, from bash_unit directory:
./bash_unit tests/test_core.sh
Running tests in tests/test_core.sh
Running test_assert_equals_fails_when_not_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_equals_succeed_when_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_matches_fails_when_not_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_matches_succeed_when_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_no_diff_fails_when_diff ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_no_diff_succeeds_when_no_diff ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_equals_fails_when_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_equals_succeeds_when_not_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_matches_fails_when_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_matches_succeed_when_not_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_shows_stderr_on_failure ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_shows_stdout_on_failure ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_status_code_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_status_code_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_within_delta_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_within_delta_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_fail_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_fail_prints_failure_message ... SUCCESS
Running test_fail_prints_where_is_error ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_actually_fakes_the_command ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_can_fake_inline ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_echo_stdin_when_no_params ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_exports_faked_in_subshells ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_transmits_params_to_fake_code ... SUCCESS
Running test_fake_transmits_params_to_fake_code_as_array ... SUCCESS
Running test_should_pretty_format_even_when_LANG_is_unset ... SUCCESS
Overall result: SUCCESS
You might also want to run only specific tests, you may do so with the -p option. This option accepts a pattern as parameter and filters test functions against this pattern.
./bash_unit -p fail_fails -p assert tests/test_core.sh
Running tests in tests/test_core.sh
Running test_assert_equals_fails_when_not_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_equals_succeed_when_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_fails_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_matches_fails_when_not_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_matches_succeed_when_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_no_diff_fails_when_diff ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_no_diff_succeeds_when_no_diff ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_equals_fails_when_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_equals_succeeds_when_not_equal ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_matches_fails_when_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_not_matches_succeed_when_not_matching ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_shows_stderr_on_failure ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_shows_stdout_on_failure ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_status_code_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_status_code_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_within_delta_fails ... SUCCESS
Running test_assert_within_delta_succeeds ... SUCCESS
Running test_fail_fails ... SUCCESS
Overall result: SUCCESS
bash_unit supports the Test Anything Protocol so you can ask for a tap formatted output with the -f option.
./bash_unit -f tap tests/test_core.sh
# Running tests in tests/test_core.sh
ok - test_assert_equals_fails_when_not_equal
ok - test_assert_equals_succeed_when_equal
ok - test_assert_fails
ok - test_assert_fails_fails
ok - test_assert_fails_succeeds
ok - test_assert_matches_fails_when_not_matching
ok - test_assert_matches_succeed_when_matching
ok - test_assert_no_diff_fails_when_diff
ok - test_assert_no_diff_succeeds_when_no_diff
ok - test_assert_not_equals_fails_when_equal
ok - test_assert_not_equals_succeeds_when_not_equal
ok - test_assert_not_matches_fails_when_matching
ok - test_assert_not_matches_succeed_when_not_matching
ok - test_assert_shows_stderr_on_failure
ok - test_assert_shows_stdout_on_failure
ok - test_assert_status_code_fails
ok - test_assert_status_code_succeeds
ok - test_assert_succeeds
ok - test_assert_within_delta_fails
ok - test_assert_within_delta_succeeds
ok - test_fail_fails
ok - test_fail_prints_failure_message
ok - test_fail_prints_where_is_error
ok - test_fake_actually_fakes_the_command
ok - test_fake_can_fake_inline
ok - test_fake_echo_stdin_when_no_params
ok - test_fake_exports_faked_in_subshells
ok - test_fake_transmits_params_to_fake_code
ok - test_fake_transmits_params_to_fake_code_as_array
ok - test_should_pretty_format_even_when_LANG_is_unset
How to write tests
Write your test functions in a file. The name of a test function has to start with test. Only functions starting with test will be tested.
Use the bash_unit assertion functions in your test functions, see below.
You may write a setup function that will be executed before each test is run.
You may write a teardown function that will be executed after each test is run.
You may write a setup_suite function that will be executed only once before all the tests of your test file.
You may write a teardown_suite function that will be executed only once after all the tests of your test file.
If you write code outside of any bash function, this code will be executed once at test file loading time since your file is a bash script and bash_unit sources it before running your tests. It is suggested to write a setup_suite function and avoid any code outside a bash function. you must not use any bash_unit assertion in setup_suite or use exit in setup_suite for teardown_suite to be run. See issue 43 for more details.
If you want to keep an eye on a test not yet implemented, prefix the name of the function by todo instead of test. Test to do are not executed and do not impact the global status of your test suite but are displayed in bash_unit output.
bash_unit changes the current working directory to the one of the running test file. If you need to access files from your test code, for instance the script under test, use path relative to the test file.
You may need to change the behavior of some commands to create conditions for your code under test to behave as expected. The fake function may help you to do that, see bellow.
Test functions
bash_unit supports several shell oriented assertion functions.
fail
fail [message]
Fails the test and displays an optional message.
test_can_fail() {
fail "this test failed on purpose"
}
Running test_can_fail ... FAILURE
this test failed on purpose
doc:2:test_can_fail()
assert
assert <assertion> [message]
Evaluates assertion and fails if assertion fails.
assertion fails if its evaluation returns a status code different from 0.
In case of failure, the standard output and error of the evaluated assertion is displayed. The optional message is also displayed.
test_assert_fails() {
assert false "this test failed, obvioulsy"
}
test_assert_succeed() {
assert true
}
Running test_assert_fails ... FAILURE
this test failed, obvioulsy
doc:2:test_assert_fails()
Running test_assert_succeed ... SUCCESS
But you probably want to assert less obvious facts.
code() {
touch /tmp/the_file
}
test_code_creates_the_file() {
code
assert "test -e /tmp/the_file"
}
test_code_makes_the_file_executable() {
code
assert "test -x /tmp/the_file" "/tmp/the_file should be executable"
}
Running test_code_creates_the_file ... SUCCESS
Running test_code_makes_the_file_executable ... FAILURE
/tmp/the_file should be executable
doc:14:test_code_makes_the_file_executable()
It may also be fun to use assert to check for the expected content of a file.
code() {
echo 'not so cool' > /tmp/the_file
}
test_code_write_appropriate_content_in_the_file() {
code
assert "diff <(echo 'this is cool') /tmp/the_file"
}
Running test_code_write_appropriate_content_in_the_file ... FAILURE
out> 1c1
out> < this is cool
out> ---
out> > not so cool
doc:8:test_code_write_appropriate_content_in_the_file()
assert_fail
assert_fail <assertion> [message]
Asserts that assertion fails. This is the opposite of assert.
assertion fails if its evaluation returns a status code different from 0.
If the evaluated expression does not fail, then assert_fail will fail and display the standard output and error of the evaluated assertion. The optional message is also displayed.
code() {
echo 'not so cool' > /tmp/the_file
}
test_code_does_not_write_cool_in_the_file() {
code
assert_fails "grep cool /tmp/the_file" "should not write 'cool' in /tmp/the_file"
}
test_code_does_not_write_this_in_the_file() {
code
assert_fails "grep this /tmp/the_file" "should not write 'this' in /tmp/the_file"
}
Running test_code_does_not_write_cool_in_the_file ... FAILURE
should not write 'cool' in /tmp/the_file
out> not so cool
doc:8:test_code_does_not_write_cool_in_the_file()
Running test_code_does_not_write_this_in_the_file ... SUCCESS
assert_status_code
assert_status_code <expected_status_code> <assertion> [message]
Checks for a precise status code of the evaluation of assertion.
It may be useful if you want to distinguish between several error conditions in your code.
In case of failure, the standard output and error of the evaluated assertion is displayed. The optional message is also displayed.
code() {
exit 23
}
test_code_should_fail_with_code_25() {
assert_status_code 25 code
}
Running test_code_should_fail_with_code_25 ... FAILURE
expected status code 25 but was 23
doc:6:test_code_should_fail_with_code_25()
assert_equals
assert_equals <expected> <actual> [message]
Asserts for equality of the two strings expected and actual.
test_obvious_inequality_with_assert_equals(){
assert_equals "a string" "another string" "a string should be another string"
}
test_obvious_equality_with_assert_equals(){
assert_equals a a
}
Running test_obvious_equality_with_assert_equals ... SUCCESS
Running test_obvious_inequality_with_assert_equals ... FAILURE
a string should be another string
expected [a string] but was [another string]
doc:2:test_obvious_inequality_with_assert_equals()
assert_not_equals
assert_not_equals <unexpected> <actual> [message]
Asserts for inequality of the two strings unexpected and actual.
test_obvious_equality_with_assert_not_equals(){
assert_not_equals "a string" "a string" "a string should be different from another string"
}
test_obvious_inequality_with_assert_not_equals(){
assert_not_equals a b
}
Running test_obvious_equality_with_assert_not_equals ... FAILURE
a string should be different from another string
expected different value than [a string] but was the same
doc:2:test_obvious_equality_with_assert_not_equals()
Running test_obvious_inequality_with_assert_not_equals ... SUCCESS
assert_matches
assert_matches <expected-regex> <actual> [message]
Asserts that the string actual matches the regex pattern expected-regex.
test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_matches(){
assert_matches "a str.*" "another string" "'another string' should not match 'a str.*'"
}
test_obvious_matching_with_assert_matches(){
assert_matches "a[nN].t{0,1}.*r str.*" "another string"
}
Running test_obvious_matching_with_assert_matches ... SUCCESS
Running test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_matches ... FAILURE
'another string' should not match 'a str.*'
expected regex [a str.*] to match [another string]
doc:2:test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_matches()
assert_not_matches
assert_not_matches <unexpected-regex> <actual> [message]
Asserts that the string actual does not match the regex pattern unexpected-regex.
test_obvious_matching_with_assert_not_matches(){
assert_not_matches "a str.*" "a string" "'a string' should not match 'a str.*'"
}
test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_not_matches(){
assert_not_matches "a str.*" "another string"
}
Running test_obvious_matching_with_assert_not_matches ... FAILURE
'a string' should not match 'a str.*'
expected regex [a str.*] should not match but matched [a string]
doc:2:test_obvious_matching_with_assert_not_matches()
Running test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_not_matches ... SUCCESS
assert_within_delta
assert_within_delta <expected num> <actual num> <max delta> [message]
Asserts that the expected num matches the actual num up to a given max delta. This function only support integers. Given an expectation of 5 and a delta of 2 this would match 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7:
test_matches_within_delta(){
assert_within_delta 5 3 2
assert_within_delta 5 4 2
assert_within_delta 5 5 2
assert_within_delta 5 6 2
assert_within_delta 5 7 2
}
test_does_not_match_within_delta(){
assert_within_delta 5 2 2
}
Running test_does_not_match_within_delta ... FAILURE
expected value [5] to match [2] with a maximum delta of [2]
doc:9:test_does_not_match_within_delta()
Running test_matches_within_delta ... SUCCESS
assert_no_diff
assert_no_diff <expected> <actual> [message]
Asserts that the content of the file actual does not have any differences to the one expected.
test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_no_diff(){
assert_no_diff <(echo foo) <(echo bar)
}
test_obvious_matching_with_assert_assert_no_diff(){
assert_no_diff bash_unit bash_unit
}
Running test_obvious_matching_with_assert_assert_no_diff ... SUCCESS
Running test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_no_diff ... FAILURE
expected 'doc' to be identical to 'doc' but was different
out> 1c1
out> < foo
out> ---
out> > bar
doc:2:test_obvious_notmatching_with_assert_no_diff()
fake function
fake <command> [replacement code]
Fakes command and replaces it with replacement code (if code is specified) for the rest of the execution of your test. If no replacement code is specified, then it replaces command by one that echoes stdin of fake. This may be useful if you need to simulate an environment for you code under test.
For instance:
fake ps echo hello world
ps
will output:
hello world
We can do the same using stdin of fake:
fake ps << EOF
hello world
EOF
ps
hello world
It has been asked whether using fake results in creating actual fakes or stubs or mocks? or may be spies? or may be they are dummies? The first answer to this question is: it depends. The second is: read this great and detailed literature on this subject.
Using stdin
Here is an example, parameterizing fake with its stdin to test that code fails when some process does not run and succeeds otherwise:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_code_succeeds_if_apache_runs() {
fake ps <<EOF
PID TTY TIME CMD
13525 pts/7 00:00:01 bash
24162 pts/7 00:00:00 ps
8387 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
EOF
assert code "code should succeed when apache is running"
}
test_code_fails_if_apache_does_not_run() {
fake ps <<EOF
PID TTY TIME CMD
13525 pts/7 00:00:01 bash
24162 pts/7 00:00:00 ps
EOF
assert_fails code "code should fail when apache is not running"
}
Running test_code_fails_if_apache_does_not_run ... SUCCESS
Running test_code_succeeds_if_apache_runs ... SUCCESS
Using a function
In a previous exemple, we faked ps by specifying code inline:
fake ps echo hello world
ps
hello world
If you need to write more complex code to fake your command, you may abstract this code in a function:
_ps() {
echo hello world
}
fake ps _ps
ps
hello world
Be carefull however that your _ps function is not exported to sub-processes. It means that, depending on how your code under test works, _ps may not be defined in the context where ps will be called. For instance:
_ps() {
echo hello world
}
fake ps _ps
bash -c ps
environment: line 1: _ps: command not found
It depends on your code under test but it is safer to just export functions needed by your fake so that they are available in sub-processes:
_ps() {
echo hello world
}
export -f _ps
fake ps _ps
bash -c ps
hello world
fake is also limited by the fact that it defines a bash function to override the actual command. In some context the command can not be overriden by a function. For instance if your code under test relies on exec to launch ps, fake will have no effect.
fake may also imply strange behaviors from bash_unit when you try to
fake really basic stuff. bash_unit tries to be as much immune to this as
possible but there are some limits. Especially and as surprising as it
might seem, bash allows creating functions named after builtin commands
and bash_unit wonโt resist that kind of situation. So, for instance, do
not try to fake: exit
; local
; trap
; eval
; export
; if
; then
; else
; fi
; while
; do
; done
; $
; echo
; [
(I know, this is not a builtin but donโt).
fake parameters
fake stores parameters given to the fake in the global variable FAKE_PARAMS so that you can use them inside your fake.
It may be useful if you need to adapt the behavior on the given parameters.
It can also help in asserting the values of these parameters โฆโ but this may be quite tricky.
For instance, in our previous code that checks apache is running, we have an issue since our code does not use ps with the appropriate parameters. So we will try to check that parameters given to ps are ax.
To do that, the first naive approach would be:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters() {
_ps() {
cat <<EOF
PID TTY TIME CMD
13525 pts/7 00:00:01 bash
24162 pts/7 00:00:00 ps
8387 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
EOF
assert_equals ax "${FAKE_PARAMS[@]}"
}
export -f _ps
fake ps _ps
code >/dev/null
}
This test calls code, which calls ps, which is actually implemented by _ps. Since code does not use ax but only a as parameters, this test should fail. But โฆโ
Running test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters ... SUCCESS
The problem here is that ps fail (because of the failed assert_equals assertion). But ps is piped with grep:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
With bash, the result code of a pipeline equals the result code of the last command of the pipeline. The last command is grep and since grep succeeds, the failure of _ps is lost and our test succeeds. We have only succeeded in messing with the test output, nothing more.
An alternative may be to activate bash pipefail option but this may introduce unwanted side effects. We can also simply not output anything in _ps so that grep fails:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters() {
_ps() {
assert_equals ax "${FAKE_PARAMS[@]}"
}
export -f _ps
fake ps _ps
code >/dev/null
}
The problem here is that we use a trick to make the code under test fail but the failure has nothing to do with the actual assert_equals failure. This is really bad, donโt do that.
Moreover, assert_equals output is captured by ps and this just messes with the display of our test results:
Running test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters ...
The only correct alternative is for the fake ps to write FAKE_PARAMS in a file descriptor so that your test can grab them after code execution and assert their value. For instance by writing to a file:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters() {
_ps() {
echo ${FAKE_PARAMS[@]} > /tmp/fake_params
}
export -f _ps
fake ps _ps
code || true
assert_equals ax "$(head -n1 /tmp/fake_params)"
}
setup() {
rm -f /tmp/fake_params
}
Here our fake writes to /tmp/fake. We delete this file in setup to be
sure that we do not get inapropriate data from a previous test. We assert
that the first line of /tmp/fake equals ax. Also, note that we know
that code will fail and write this to ignore the error: code || true
.
Running test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters ... FAILURE
expected [ax] but was [a]
doc:14:test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters()
We can also compact the fake definition:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters() {
fake ps 'echo ${FAKE_PARAMS[@]} >/tmp/fake_params'
code || true
assert_equals ax "$(head -n1 /tmp/fake_params)"
}
setup() {
rm -f /tmp/fake_params
}
Running test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters ... FAILURE
expected [ax] but was [a]
doc:10:test_code_gives_ps_appropriate_parameters()
Finally, we can avoid the /tmp/fake_params temporary file by using coproc:
code() {
ps a | grep apache
}
test_get_data_from_fake() {
#Fasten you seat belt ...
coproc cat
exec {test_channel}>&${COPROC[1]}
fake ps 'echo ${FAKE_PARAMS[@]} >&$test_channel'
code || true
assert_equals ax "$(head -n1 <&${COPROC[0]})"
}
Running test_get_data_from_fake ... FAILURE
expected [ax] but was [a]
doc:13:test_get_data_from_fake()