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Sensor localization is a main component in any problem related to wireless sensor networks. The knowledge of sensor locations plays a major role in energy optimization, communication protocol designs and data analysis of wireless sensor networks. In this thesis we aim at gathering many of the algorithms introduced recently in the literature for sensor localization and categorize them in several meaningful categories. We also study a particularly interesting optimization framework for finding the location of the sensors using their mutual distances. We introduce the use of simulated annealing based methods for sensor localization as a minimizer of any defined cost function for this purpose. Our simulation results confirm the usefulness of these approaches in practical setups.