SimpleCrud

PHP library to (Create, Read, Update, Delete) in Mysql/Sqlite databases with zero configuration and some magic.

Naming conventions:

This library relies in some conventions to avoid configuration.

Table names SHOULD be in singular and camelCase
Fields names SHOULD be in singular and camelCase
The primary key of all tables MUST be id.
Foreign keys MUST be [tableName]_id. For example, post table uses post_id as foreign key.
Associative tables MUST use an underscore joining the two tables in alphabetic order. For example, the relationship between post and tag is post_tag but post and category is category_post.

Installation

This package is installable and autoloadable via Composer as simple-crud/simple-crud.

$ composer require simple-crud/simple-crud

Classes

SimpleCrud has the following classes:

Database: Manage the database connection. Uses internally Atlas.PDO
Query: Creates the database queries. SimpleCrud is tested with MySQL and SQLite but due uses Atlas.Query internally, in theory Postgres and Microsoft SQL should be supported too.
Table: Manages a database table
Field: Manages a database field. Used to format and validate values
Row: To store and modify a row
RowCollection: Is a collection of rows

Usage example

Let's say we have the following database scheme:

CREATE TABLE "post" (
    `id`    INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE,
    `title` TEXT,
    `category_id` INTEGER,
    `type`  TEXT,

    FOREIGN KEY(`category_id`) REFERENCES category(id)
);

CREATE TABLE `category` (
    `id`    INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE,
    `name`  TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE `tag` (
    `id`    INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE,
    `name`  TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE `post_tag` (
    `id`    INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE,
    `tag_id`   INTEGER NOT NULL,
    `post_id`  INTEGER NOT NULL,

    FOREIGN KEY(`tag_id`) REFERENCES tag(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(`post_id`) REFERENCES post(id)
);

To start, create an instance of SimpleCrud\Database passing the PDO connection.

use SimpleCrud\Database;

$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);

$db = new Database($pdo);

//To get any table, use magic properties, they will be instantiated on demand:
$post = $db->post;

SimpleCrud load the database scheme and detects automatically all relationships between the tables using the naming conventions described above. For example the table "post" has a field called "category_id", so SimpleCrud knows that each post has one category.

Note: In production environment, you may want to cache the scheme in order to avoid execute these queries and improve the performance. You can do it in this way:

use SimpleCrud\Scheme\Cache;
use SimpleCrud\Scheme\Mysql;

if ($cache->has('db_scheme')) {
    $array = $cache->get('db_scheme');
    $scheme = new Cache($array);
} else {
    $scheme = new Mysql($pdo);
    $cache->save('db_scheme', $scheme->toArray());
}

$db = new Database($pdo, $scheme);

Using the library

Basic CRUD:

You can interact directly with the tables to insert/update/delete/select data:

Use ArrayAccess interface to access to the data using the id:

//Get the post id = 3;
$post = $db->post[3];

//Check if a row exists
if (isset($db->post[3])) {
    echo 'exists';
}

//Delete a post
unset($db->post[3]);

//Update a post
$db->post[3] = [
    'title' => 'Hello world'
];

//Insert a new post
$db->post[] = [
    'title' => 'Hello world 2'
];

//Tables implements the Countable interface
$totalPost = count($db->post);

Select by other fields

If you want to select a row by other key than id, just use the method get:

$post = $db->post->get(['slug' => 'post-slug']);

Select or create

Sometimes, you want to get a row or create it if it does not exist. You can do it easily with getOrCreate method:

$post = $db->post->getOrCreate(['slug' => 'post-slug']);

Rows

A Row object represents a database row and is used to read and modify its data:

//get a row by id
$post = $db->post[34];

//Get/modify fields values
echo $post->title;

$post->title = 'New title';

//Update the row into database
$post->save();

//Remove the row in the database
$post->delete();

//Create a new row
$newPost = $db->post->create(['title' => 'The title']);

//Insert the row in the database
$newPost->save();

Queries

A Query object represents a database query. SimpleCrud uses magic methods to create queries. For example $db->post->select() returns a new instance of a Select query in the tabe post. Other examples: $db->comment->update(), $db->category->delete(), etc... Each query has modifiers like orderBy(), limit():

//Create an UPDATE query with the table post
$updateQuery = $db->post->update(['title' => 'New title']);

//Add conditions, limit, etc
$updateQuery
    ->where('id = ', 23)
    ->limit(1);

//get the query as string
echo $updateQuery; //UPDATE `post` ...

//execute the query and returns a PDOStatement with the result
$PDOStatement = $updateQuery();

The method get() executes the query and returns the processed result of the query. For example, with insert() returns the id of the new row:

//insert a new post
$id = $db->post
    ->insert([
        'title' => 'My first post',
        'text' => 'This is the text of the post'
    ])
    ->get();

//Delete a post
$db->post
    ->delete()
    ->where('id = ', 23)
    ->get();

//Count all posts
$total = $db->post
    ->selectAggregate('COUNT')
    ->get();
//note: this is the same like count($db->post)

//Sum the ids of all posts
$total = $db->post
    ->selectAggregate('SUM', 'id')
    ->get();

select()->get() returns an instance of RowCollection with the result:

$posts = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->where('id > ', 10)
    ->orderBy('id ASC')
    ->limit(100)
    ->get();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->title;
}

If you only need the first row, use the modifier one():

$post = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->one()
    ->where('id = ', 23)
    ->get();

echo $post->title;

select() has some interesting modifiers like relatedWith() to add automatically the WHERE clauses needed to select data related with other row or rowCollection:

//Get the post id = 23
$post = $db->post[23];

//Select the category related with this post
$category = $db->category
    ->select()
    ->relatedWith($post)
    ->one()
    ->get();

Query API:

Queries use Atlas.Query library to build the final queries, so you can see the documentation for all available options.

Select / SelectAggregate

Function	Description
`one`	Select 1 result.
`relatedWith(Row / RowCollection / Table $relation)`	To select rows related with other rows or tables (relation added in `WHERE`).
`joinRelation(Table $table)`	To add a related table as `LEFT JOIN`.
`getPageInfo()`	Returns the info of the pagination.
`from`	Atlas.Query Select()
`columns`	Atlas.Query Select()
`join`	Atlas.Query Select()
`catJoin`	Atlas.Query Select()
`groupBy`	Atlas.Query Select()
`having`	Atlas.Query Select()
`orHaving`	Atlas.Query Select()
`orderBy`	Atlas.Query Select()
`catHaving`	Atlas.Query Select()
`where`	Atlas.Query Select()
`whereSprintf`	Atlas.Query Select()
`catWhere`	Atlas.Query Select()
`orWhere`	Atlas.Query Select()
`orWhereSprintf`	Atlas.Query Select()
`whereEquals`	Atlas.Query Select()
`limit`	Atlas.Query Select()
`offset`	Atlas.Query Select()
`distinct`	Atlas.Query Select()
`forUpdate`	Atlas.Query Select()
`setFlag`	Atlas.Query Select()
`bindValue`	Atlas.Query Select()

Update

Function	Description
`relatedWith(Row / RowCollection / Table $relation)`	To update rows related with other rows or tables (relation added in `WHERE`).
`set`	Atlas.Query Update()
`setFlag`	Atlas.Query Update()
`where`	Atlas.Query Update()
`orWhere`	Atlas.Query Update()
`catWhere`	Atlas.Query Update()
`orderBy`	Atlas.Query Update()
`limit`	Atlas.Query Update()
`offset`	Atlas.Query Update()

Insert

Function	Description
`orIgnore()`	To ignore silently the insertion on duplicated keys, instead throw an exception.
`set`	Atlas.Query Insert()
`setFlag`	Atlas.Query Insert()

Delete

Function	Description
`relatedWith(Row / RowCollection / Table $relation)`	To delete rows related with other rows or tables (relation added in `WHERE`).
`setFlag`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`where`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`orWhere`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`catWhere`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`orderBy`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`limit`	Atlas.Query Delete()
`offset`	Atlas.Query Delete()

Lazy loads

Both Row and RowCollection can load automatically other related rows. Just use a property named as related table. For example:

//Get the category id=34
$category = $db->category[34];

//Load the posts of this category
$posts = $category->post;

//This is equivalent to:
$posts = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->relatedWith($category)
    ->get();

//But the result is cached so the database query is executed only the first time
$posts = $category->post;

This allows make things like this:

$titles = $db->post[34]->tag->post->title;

//Get the post id=34
//Get the tags of the post
//Then the posts related with these tags
//And finally, the titles of all these posts

Use magic methods to get a Select query returning related rows:

$category = $db->category[34];

//Magic property: Returns all posts of this category:
$posts = $category->post;

//Magic method: Returns the query instead the result
$posts = $category->post()
    ->where('pubdate > ', date('Y-m-d'))
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();

Solving the n+1 problem

The n+1 problem can be solved in the following way:

//Get some posts
$posts = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->get();

//preload all categories
$posts->category;

//now you can iterate with the posts
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->category;
}

You can perform the select by yourself to include modifiers:

//Get some posts
$posts = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->get();

//Select the categories but ordered alphabetically descendent
$categories = $posts->category()
    ->orderBy('name DESC')
    ->get();

//Save the result in the cache and link the categories with each post
$posts->link($categories);

//now you can iterate with the posts
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->category;
}

For many-to-many relations, you need to do one more step:

//Get some posts
$posts = $db->post
    ->select()
    ->get();

//Select the post_tag relations
$tagRelations = $posts->post_tag()->get();

//And now the tags of these relations
$tags = $tagRelations->tag()
    ->orderBy('name DESC')
    ->get();

//Link the tags with posts using the relations
$posts->link($tags, $tagRelations);

//now you can iterate with the posts
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->tag;
}

Relate and unrelate data

To save related rows in the database, you need to do this:

//Get a comment
$comment = $db->comment[5];

//Get a post
$post = $db->post[34];

//Relate
$post->relate($comment);

//Unrelate
$post->unrelate($comment);

//Unrelate all comments of the post
$post->unrelateAll($db->comment);

Pagination

The select query has a special modifier to paginate the results:

$query = $db->post->select()
    ->page(1)
    ->perPage(50);

$posts = $query->get();

//To get the page info:
$pagination = $query->getPageInfo();

echo $pagination['totalRows']; //125
echo $pagination['totalPages']; //3
echo $pagination['currentPage']; //1
echo $pagination['previousPage']; //NULL
echo $pagination['nextPage']; //2

Events

SimpleCrud uses PSR-14 Event Dispatcher to dispatch events. The events are attached to tables allowing to validate data, modify queries, etc.

use SimpleCrud\Events\BeforeSaveRow;
use SimpleCrud\Events\CreateSelectQuery;

//Get the event dispatcher
$dispatcher = $db->post->getEventDispatcher();

//Assign the BeforeSaveRow event listener
$dispatcher->listen(BeforeSaveRow::class, function (BeforeSaveRow $event) {
    $row = $event->getRow();

    if (!$row->createdAt) {
        $row->createdAt = new Datetime();
    }
});

//Assign a CreateSelectQuery
$dispatcher->listen(CreateSelectQuery::class, function (CreateSelectQuery $event) {
    $query = $event->getQuery();

    //Add automatically a where clause in all selects
    $query->where('active = true');
});

//Create a new post
$post = $db->post->create(['title' => 'Hello world']);

//Save the post, so BeforeSaveRow event is triggered
$post->save();

$post->createdAt; //This field was filled and saved

//Select a post, so CreateSelectQuery is triggered and only active posts are selected
$posts = $db->post->select()->get();

You can provide your own event dispatcher:

$myDispatcher = new Psr14EventDispatcher();

$db->post->setEventDispatcher($myDispatcher);

The available Events are:

SimpleCrud\Events\BeforeSaveRow: Executed before save a row using $row->save().
SimpleCrud\Events\BeforeCreateRow: Executed before create a new row with $table->create().
SimpleCrud\Events\CreateDeleteQuery: Executed on create a DELETE query with $table->delete().
SimpleCrud\Events\CreateInsertQuery: Executed on create a INSERT query with $table->insert().
SimpleCrud\Events\CreateSelectQuery: Executed on create a SELECT query with $table->select().
SimpleCrud\Events\CreateUpdateQuery: Executed on create a UPDATE query with $table->update().

Fields

The purpose of the SimpleCrud\Fields classes is to convert the data from/to the database for its usage. For example, in Mysql the format used to store datetime values is "Y-m-d H:i:s", so the class SimpleCrud\Fields\Datetime converts any string or Datetime instance to this format, and when you select this value, you get a Datetime instance. The available fields are:

Boolean: To manage boolean values
Date: To manage date values. Converts the database values to a Datetime
Datetime: To manage datetime values. Converts the database values to a Datetime
Decimal: Converts values to float numbers or NULL
Field: It's the default field and doesn't transform the value
Integer: Converts values to integers or NULL
Json: To store json structures.
Serializable: To store arrays or any other serializable data structure.
Set: Manages multiple values. For example: ['red', 'blue', 'green'] will be stored as "red,blue,green" in database.
Point: Manages geometry points more info
Other advanced fields can be found here: https://github.com/oscarotero/simple-crud-extra-fields

The Field classes are asigned automatically according with the field type in the database. There are also "special names" that have specific types asigned:

Integer format will be asigned to any field named id or ending by _id.
Datetime format will be asigned to any field named pubdate or ending by At (for example: createdAt, updatedAt etc).
Boolean format will be asigned to any field named active or starting by is or has (for example: isActived, hasContent, etc)

Example:

$post = $db->post->create([
    'title' => 'My post',
    'text' => 'My post text',
    'createdAt' => new Datetime('now'),
    'isActive' => true
]);

$post->save();

//Use magic properties to get the Field instance
$titleField = $db->post->title;

Configuration

You may want to store some database configuration, for example the default language or base path where the assets are stored. To do that, there are the getConfig and setConfig methods:

$db->setConfig('name', 'value');

echo $db->getConfig('name'); //value

Localizable fields

If you need to save values in multiple languages, just have to create a field for each language using the language as suffix. For example, to save the title in english (en) and galician (gl), just create the fields title_en and title_gl.

Then, you have to configure the current language using the SimpleCrud::ATTR_LOCALE attribute:

//Set the current language as "en"
$db->setConfig(SimpleCrud::CONFIG_LOCALE, 'en');

//Select a post
$post = $db->post[23];

//Get the title in the current language
echo $post->title; //Returns the value of title_en

//You can access to any languages using the full name:
echo $post->title_en;
echo $post->title_gl;

//And assign a diferent value to the current language
$post->title = 'New title in english';

Debugging

SimpleCrud use internally Atlas.PDO to manage the connection and perform the queries in the database. You can see the documentation for more details.

$db->getConnection()->logQueries(true);

//-- Run queries --//

$queries = $db->getConnection()->getQueries();

Customization

You can use your own custom classes for tables, rows and row collections:

Custom Tables

Use setTableClasses to assign custom classes to table:

$db = new SimpleCrud\Database($pdo);

$db->setTableClasses([
    'post' => CustomPost::class,
    'comment' => CustomComment::class,
]);

$db->post; //Returns an instance of CustomPost

FieldFactory

To create field instances, SimpleCrud use the SimpleCrud\Field\FieldFactory factory class that you can customize or even replace with your own factory:

use SimpleCrud\Fields\FieldFactory;
use SimpleCrud\Fields\Boolean;

$db = new SimpleCrud\Database($pdo);

//Create a factory for your custom field
$factory = new FieldFactory(
    Year::class,          //Your custom field class name
    ['integer'],          //All fields of type integer will use this class
    ['year', '/$year/'],  //All fields named "year" or matching this regex will use this class
    ['min' => 2000],      //Default config
);

$db->setFieldFactory($factory);

//Modify a existing field
$db->getFieldFactory(Boolean::class)->addNames('enabled');

//Use it:
$db->post->fields['year']; //returns an instance of Year
$db->post->fields['enabled']; //returns an instance of SimpleCrud\Fields\Boolean

Creating your Rows and RowCollections

To define the Rows and RowCollections classes used in a specific table, first create a custom table and use ROW_CLASS and ROWCOLLECTION_CLASS protected constants to set the class.

namespace MyModels;

use SimpleCrud\Table;

class Post extends Table
{
    protected const ROW_CLASS = PostRow::class;
    protected const ROWCOLLECTION_CLASS = PostRowCollection::class;

    protected function init()
    {
        //Insert code to be executed after the instantion
    }

    public function selectLatest()
    {
        return $this->select()
            ->orderBy('createdAt DESC')
            ->limit(10);
    }
}

Now configure the database to use this class for the table post:

$db = new SimpleCrud\Database($pdo);
$db->setTableClasses([
    'post' => MyModels\Post::class,
]);


$latests = $db->post->selectLatest()->get(); //Returns an instance of MyModels\PostRowCollection

foreach ($latests as $post) {
    //Instances of MyModels\PostRow
}

oscarotero/simple-crud

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