Inhale - Malware Inhaler

Inhale is a malware analysis and classification tool that is capable of automating and scaling many static analysis operations.

This is the beta release version, for testing purposes, feedback, and community development.

Background

Inhale started as a series of small scripts that I used when collecting and analyzing a large amount of malware from diverse sources. There are plenty of frameworks and tools for doing similar work, but none of them really matched my work flow of quickly finding, classifying, and storing information about a large number of files. Some also require expensive API keys and other services that cost money.

I ended up turning these scripts into something that people can quickly set up and use, whether you run from a research server, a laptop, or a low cost computer like a Raspberry Pi.

Install

This tool is built to run on Linux using Python3, ElasticSearch, radare2, yara and binwalk. jq is also needed to pretty print output from the database. Here are some of the basic instructions to install.

There's a bunch of things in the config.yml file that aren't actually set up yet, just leave them be unless otherwise stated in this documentation.

Python3

Install requirements

python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt

Installing ElasticSearch (Debian)

A database is not required to use Inhale, but if you would like to set one up, just follow these instructions and set the config.yml option "enable_database" to True.

Documentation

wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install elasticsearch
sudo service elasticsearch start

You can also install manually by following this documentation

Additionally you can set up a full ELK stack for visualization and data analysis purposes. It is not necessary for using this tool.

Installing radare2

It's important to install radare2 from the repo, and not your package manager. Package manager versions don't come with all the bells and whistles required for inhale.

git clone https://github.com/radare/radare2
cd radare2
sys/install.sh

Installing Yara

Documentation

sudo apt-get install automake libtool make gcc
wget https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara/archive/v3.10.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf v3.10.0.tar.gz
cd yara-3.10.0/
./bootstrap.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install

If you get any errors about shared objects, try this to fix it.

sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf'
sudo ldconfig

Installing binwalk

It's most likely best to simply install binwalk from the repo.

git clone https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk
cd binwalk
sudo python3 setup.py install

More information on installing additional features for binwalk is located here.

Installing telfhash/tshl

This is a library that hashes sections of ELF files for malware family analysis. telfhash relies on tlsh, so instructions for installing both are as follows:

Set up tlsh

git clone https://github.com/trendmicro/tlsh
cd tlsh
./make.sh
cd py_ext/
python3 ./setup.py build
sudo python3 ./setup.py install

Set up telfhash

git clone https://github.com/trendmicro/telfhash
cd telfhash
sudo python3 setup.py install

Setting up web server

If you want to use a web server to host inhale output to share, set the variables in config.yml to the appropriate paths, and make sure that the directories exist!

web:
  gen_html: False
  webdir: "/var/www/html/" # The actual web directory
  fqdn: "http://threat.land" # Your website
  in_path: "/var/www/html/inhaled/" # The path to inhale output
  ex_path: "/var/www/html/exhaled/" # The path for db query cache output

To use html output, run inhale like this:

python3 inhale.py [all your args here] --html

Usage

Specify the file you are scraping by type:

-f INFILE      Analyze a single file
-d DIRECTORY   Analyze a directory of files
-u URLFILE     Analyze a remote file (url)
-r RDIRECTORY  Analyze a remote directory (url)
-l URLLIST     Analyze a list of URLs in a text file

Other options:

-t TAGS        Add additional tags to the output.
-b             Turn off binwalk signatures
-y YARARULES   Specify custom Yara Rules
-o OUTDIR      Store scraped files in specific output dir (default: ./files/<date>/)
-i             Just print info, don't add files to database
--html         Save output as html to the webdir.

Examples

Running inhale.py will perform all of the analysis on a given file/directory/url and print it to your terminal.

View info on /bin/ls, but don't add to the database

python3 inhale.py -f /bin/ls -i 

Add directory 'malwarez' to database

python3 inhale.py -d malwarez/

Download this file and add to the database

python3 inhale.py -u https://thugcrowd.com/chal/skull

Download everything in this remote directory, tag it all as "phishing":

python3 inhale.py -r http://someurl.com/opendir/ -t phishing

PROTIP: Use this Twitter hashtag search to find interesting open directories that possibly contain malware. Use at your own risk.

Yara

You can pass your own yara rules with -y, this is a huge work in progress and almost everything in "YaraRules" is from https://github.com/kevthehermit/PasteHunter/tree/master/YaraRules. Shoutout @KevTheHermit

Querying the Database

Use db.sh to query (Soon to be a nice script)

db.sh *something* | jq .

Data Model

The following is the current data model used for the elasticsearch database. Not every one of these will be used for every given file. Any r2_* tags are typically reserved for binaries of some sort.

Solutions to Issues

There are some known issues with this project (mainly to do with versions from package managers), and here I will track anything that has a solution for it.

ElasticSearch index field limit

If you get an error like this:

elasticsearch.exceptions.RequestError: RequestError(400, 'illegal_argument_exception', 'Limit of total fields [1000] in index [inhaled] has been exceeded')

You may have an older version of elasticSearch. You can upgrade, or you can increase the fields limit with this one liner.

curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/inhaled/_settings' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "index" : { "mapping" : { "total_fields" : { "limit" : "100000" }}}}'

Future Features

• Re-doing the bot plugin for Discord / Matrix
• Additional binary analysis features - pulling import/export tables, hashing of specific structures in the header, logging all strings etc. Some implemented in telfhash!
• Checking if the file is the database before adding. This feature was removed previously due to specific issues with older versions of ES.
• Configuration options for requests such as: user agent, timeout, proxy etc.
• Dockerization of this entire project.

Contribution

PRs are welcome! If you want to give specific feedback, you can also DM me @netspooky on Twitter.

Thanks

I'd like to thank everyone who helped to test this tool with me. I'd also like to thank Plazmaz for doing an initial sweep of the code to make it a bit neater.

Greetz to: hermit, plazmaz, nux, x0, dustyfresh, aneilan, sshell, readme, dnz, notdan, rqu, specters, nullcookies, ThugCrowd, and everyone involved with ThreatLand and the TC Safari Zone.