Hyphe: web corpus curation tool & links crawler

Welcome to Hyphe, a research-driven web crawler developped at the Sciences Po médialab for the DIME-SHS Web project (ANR-10-EQPX-19-01).

Hyphe aims at providing a tool to build web corpus by crawling data from the web and generating networks between what we call "web entities", which can be single pages as well as a website, subdomains or parts of it, or even a combination of those.

Demo & Tutos

You can try a limited version of Hyphe at the following url: http://hyphe.medialab.sciences-po.fr/demo/

You can find extensive tutorials on Hyphe's Wiki. See also these videos on how to grow a Hyphe corpus and what is a web entity.

How to install?

Before running Hyphe, you may want to adjust the settings first. The default config will work but you may want to tune it for your own needs. There is a procedure to change the configuration after the installation. However we recommend to take a look at the Configuration documentation for detailed explanation of each available option.

Warning: Hyphe can be quite disk-consuming, a big corpus with a few hundred crawls with a depth 2 can easily take up to 50GB, so if you plan on allowing multiple users, you should ensure at least a few hundreds gigabytes are available on your machine. You can reduce disk-space by setting to false the option store_crawled_html_content and limiting the max_depth allowed.

Migrating older versions

Hyphe has changed a lot in the past few years. Migrating from an older version by pulling the code from git is not guaranteed anymore, it is highly recommended to reinstall from scratch. Older corpora can be rebuilt by exporting the list of web entities from the old version and recrawl from that list of urls in the new Hyphe.

Easy install: using Docker

For an easy install either on Linux, Mac OS X or Windows, the best solution is to rely on Docker.

Docker enables isolated install and execution of software stacks, which helps installing easily a whole set of dependencies.

Docker's containers are sizeable: you should ensure at least 4GB of empty space is available before installing. In any case, as expressed above, for a regular and complete use of Hyphe, you should better ensure at least 100GB are available.

Note for Mac OS: you need Apple's XCode installed to allow Docker to run on Mac OS. (XCode is not required anymore for Docker, although it's always preferable to have it for other reasons, such as git etc.)

1. Install Docker

First, you should deploy Docker on your machine following its official installation instructions.

Once you've got Docker installed and running, you will need Docker Compose to set up and orchestrate Hyphe services in a single line. Docker Compose is already installed along with Docker on Windows and Mac OS X, but you may need to install it for Linux.

2. Download Hyphe

Collect Hyphe's sourcecode from this git repository (recommended way to benefit from future updates) or download and uncompress a zipped release, then enter the resulting directory:

git clone https://github.com/medialab/hyphe.git hyphe
cd hyphe

Or, if you do not have git (for instance on a Mac without XCode), you can also download and uncompress the files from Hyphe's latest release by clicking the link to "Source code (zip)" or "Source code (tar.gz)" from the following page: https://github.com/medialab/hyphe/releases

3. Configure

Then, copy the default configuration files and edit them to adjust the settings to your needs:

# use "copy" instead of "cp" under Windows powershell
cp .env.example .env
cp config-backend.env.example config-backend.env
cp config-frontend.env.example config-frontend.env

The .env file lets you configure:

• TAG: the reference Docker image you want to work with among

  • prod: for the latest stable release
  • preprod: for intermediate unstable developments
  • A specific version, for instance 1.3.0. You will find the list on Hyphe's Docker Hub page and descriptions for each version on GitHub's releases page.

• PUBLIC_PORT: the web port on which Hyphe will be served (usually 80 for a single service server, or for a shared host any other port you like which will need to be redirected)

• DATA_PATH: using Hyphe can quickly consume several gigabytes of hard drive. By default, volumes will be stored within Docker's default directories but you can define your own path here.

  WARNING: DATA_PATH MUST be either empty, or a full absolute path including leading and trailing slashes (for instance /var/opt/hyphe/).

  It is not currently supported under Windows, and should always remain empty in this case (so you should install Hyphe from a drive with enough available space).

• RESTART_POLICY: the choice of autorestart policy you want Hyphe containers to apply

  • no: (default) containers will not be restarted automatically under any circumstance
  • always: containers will always restart when stopped
  • on-failure: containers will restart only if the exit code indicates an on-failure error
  • unless-stopped: containers will always restart unless when explicitly stopped

  If you want Hyphe to start automatically at boot, you should use the always policy and make sure the Docker daemon is started at boot time with your service manager.

Hyphe's internal settings are adjustable within config-backend.env and config-frontend.env. Adjust the settings values to your needs following recommendations from the config documentation.

If you want to restrict Hyphe's access to a selected few, you should leave HYPHE_OPEN_CORS_API false in config-backend.env, and setup HYPHE_HTPASSWORD_USER & HYPHE_HTPASSWORD_PASS in config-frontend.env (use openssl passwd -apr1 to generate your password's encrypted value).

4. Prepare the Docker containers

You have two options: either collect, or build Hyphe's Docker containers.

• Recommended: Pull our official preassembled images from the Docker Store

  docker-compose pull

• Alternative: Build your own images from the source code (mostly for development or if you intend to edit the code, and for some very specific configuration settings):

  docker-compose build

Pulling should be faster, but it will still take a few minutes to download or build everything either way.

5. Start Hyphe

Finally, start Hyphe containers with the following command, which will run Hyphe and display all of its logs in the console until stopped by pressing Ctrl+C.

docker-compose up

Or run the containers as a background daemon (for instance for production on a server):

docker-compose up -d

Once the logs say "All tests passed. Ready!", you can access your Hyphe install at http://localhost:80/ (or http://localhost:<PUBLIC_PORT>/ if you changed the port value in the .env configuration file).

6. Stop and monitor Hyphe

To stop containers running in background, use docker-compose stop (or docker-compose down to also clean relying data).

You can inspect the logs of the various Docker containers using docker-compose logs, or with option -f to track latest entries like with tail.

Whenever you change any configuration file, restart the Docker container to take the changes into account:

docker-compose stop
docker-compose up -d

Run docker-compose help to get more explanations on any extra advanced use of Docker.

If you encounter issues with the Docker builds, please report an issue including the "Image ID" of the Docker images you used from the output of docker images or, if you installed from source, the last commit ID (read from git log).

7. Update to future versions

WARNING: Do not do this if you're not sure of what you're doing, upgrading to major new versions can potentially break your existing corpuses making it really complex to get your data back.

If you installed from git by pulling our builds from DockerHub, you should be able to update Hyphe to future minor releases by simply doing the following:

docker-compose down
git pull
docker-compose pull
# eventually edit your configuration files to use new options
docker-compose up -d

Manual install (complex and only for Linux)

If your computer or server relies on an old Linux distribution unable to run Docker, if you want to contribute to Hyphe's backend development, or for any other personal reason, you might want to rather install Hyphe manually by following the manual install instructions.

Please note there are many dependencies which are not always trivial to install and that you might run in quite a bit of issues. You can ask for some help by opening an issue and describing your problem, hopefully someone will find some time to try and help you.

Hyphe relies on a web interface with a server daemon which must be running at all times. When manually installed, one must start, stop or restart the daemon using the following command (without sudo):

bin/hyphe <start|restart|stop> [--nologs]

By default the starter will display Hyphe's log in the console using tail. You can use Ctrl+C whenever you like to stop displaying logs without shutting Hyphe down. Use the --nologs option to disable logs display on start. Logs are always accessible from the log directory.

All settings can be configured directly from the global configuration file config/config.json. Restart Hyphe afterwards to take changes into account: bin/hyphe restart.

Serve Hyphe on the web

As soon as the Docker containers or the manual daemon start, you can use Hyphe's web interface on your local machine at the following url:

• Docker install: http://localhost/
• manual install: http://localhost/hyphe.

For personal uses, you can already work with Hyphe as such. Although, if you want to let others use it as well (typically if you installed on a distant server), you need to serve it on a webserver and make a few adjustments.

Read the dedicated documentation to do so.

Advanced developers features & contributing

Please read the dedicated Developers documentation and the API description.

What's next?

See our roadmap!

Papers & references

Tutorials / examples

• (EN) The following videos present different aspects of Hyphe's methodology:

  • What is the purpose of Hyphe? (22 min)
  • The process of growing a web corpus (13 min)
  • What is a web entity? (10 min)
  • The web as layers, or how to get oriented during exploration. (10 min)

  You can also find here the slides corresponding to these videos.

• (FR) An older explanatory video (FR) is also available online: Explorer les internets avec Hyphe (September 2017). Mathieu Jacomy presents Hyphe at Sciences Po CEVIPOF during METSEM, a seminar on digital methods in social sciences.

• (FR) A blogpost detailing an example of corpus building with Hyphe: Le web du secteur de l'hydrogène par Mathieu Boyer (2018)

Publications about Hyphe

• OOGHE-TABANOU, Benjamin, JACOMY, Mathieu, GIRARD, Paul & PLIQUE, Guillaume, "Hyperlink is not dead!" (Proceeding / Slides), In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies (WS.2 2018), Everardo Reyes, Mark Bernstein, Giancarlo Ruffo, and Imad Saleh (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 12-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3240431.3240434

• PLIQUE, Guillaume, JACOMY, Mathieu, OOGHE-TABANOU, Benjamin & GIRARD, Paul, "It's a Tree... It's a Graph... It's a Traph!!!! Designing an on-file multi-level graph index for the Hyphe web crawler". (Video / Slides) Presentation at the FOSDEM, Brussels, BELGIUM, February 3rd, 2018.

• JACOMY, Mathieu, GIRARD, Paul, OOGHE-TABANOU, Benjamin, et al, "Hyphe, a curation-oriented approach to web crawling for the social sciences.", in International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2016.

Publications using Hyphe

• GRUSON-DANIEL, Célya. Mapping contemporary “research on research” and “science studies”: how new methods change the traditional academic landscape and inform public open science policies. 2023.

• YOUNG, Lisa, ALFREY, Laura, et O’CONNOR, Justen. When teachers Google physical literacy: A cartography of controversies analysis. European Physical Education Review, 2022, vol. 28, no 3, p. 613-632.

• Hongyi Shi. Exploratory analysis of the hypertext structure linked to diabetes. Human health and pathology. Sorbonne Université, 2020. English. ⟨NNT : 2020SORUS391⟩. ⟨tel-03609140⟩

• BLANKE, Tobias et VENTURINI, Tommaso. A network view on reliability: using machine learning to understand how we assess news websites. Journal of Computational Social Science, 2022, vol. 5, no 1, p. 69-88.

• DA SILVA, Jaércio. Um conceito na rede: interseccionalidade e sua tradução micromidiática na web francesa. Revista Fronteiras, estudos midiáticos, 2022, vol. 24, no 1, p. 22-36.

• BROWNE, Danielle. The ‘more-than-food’geographies of omega-3s. 2022. Thèse de doctorat. Memorial University of Newfoundland.

• HEGADE, Prakash, CHITRAGAR, Ruturaj, KULKARNI, Raghavendra, et al. InSciC—Knowledge-Aware Crawler for Indian Sciences. In : Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies: ICCCT 2022. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. p. 913-924.

• BAKER, Catherine R. Infrastructures of male supremacism: a mixed-methods analysis of the incel wiki. 2022. Thèse de doctorat. Loughborough University.

• MORALES, Pedro Ramaciotti, COINTET, Jean-Philippe, BENBOUZID, Bilel, et al. Atlas multi-plateforme d’un mouvement social: le cas des Gilets jaunes. Statistique et société, 2022, vol. 9, no 1-2, p. 39-77.

• PAPAZU, Irina et VENG, Adam. Controversy Mapping and the Care for Climate Commons: Re-assembling the Danish Climate Movement by Counter-Mapping Digital Network Maps. 2022.

• SHI, Hongyi, PFAENDER, Fabien, et JAULENT, Marie-Christine. Mapping the hyperlink structure of diabetes online communities. In : MEDINFO 2019: Health and Wellbeing e-Networks for All. IOS Press, 2019. p. 467-471.

• DESBONNET, Johan. Réinterroger les notions d'accès à l'information géographique numérique au prisme de ses supports et de sa circulation sur le web. Applications aux territoires littoraux français et québécois. In : ASRDLF-57ème colloque-Territoire (s) et numérique Innovations, mutations et décision. 2021.

• SHI, Hongyi, JAULENT, Marie-Christine, et PFAENDER, Fabien. Semantic interpretation of the map with diabetes-related websites. Procedia Computer Science, 2019, vol. 160, p. 330-337.

• LECLERC, Éric. Ville intelligente et e-gouvernance en Inde, cartographier un nouveau paysage urbain. Mappemonde. Revue trimestrielle sur l’image géographique et les formes du territoire, 2020, no 128.

• DOUZET, Frédérick, LIMONIER, Kévin, MIHOUBI, Selma, et al. Cartographier la propagation des contenus russes et chinois sur le Web africain francophone. Hérodote, 2020, no 2-3, p. 77-99.

• DESBONNET, Johan, GOURMELON, Françoise, et CLARAMUNT, Christophe. Analyser la structure de dispositifs de mise à disposition de données géographiques-Application aux enjeux de suivi et de gestion du trait de côte en France. Revue Internationale de Géomatique, 2019, vol. 29, no 1, p. 57-80.

• LEPAWSKY, Josh, DAVIS, John-Michael, AKESE, Grace, et al. Cooking with controversies: How geographers might use controversy mapping as a research tool. The Professional Geographer, 2019, vol. 71, no 3, p. 437-448.

• DOUZET, Frédérick, LIMONIER, Kévin, MIHOUBI, Selma, et al. Mapping the spread of Russian and Chinese contents on the French-speaking African web. Journal of Cyber Policy, 2021, vol. 6, no 1, p. 50-67.

• CIUCCARELLI, Giulia De Rossi Paolo. Mapping Communication Design through the Web. Design and Digital Interaction: Re: Research, Volume 7, 2019, vol. 7, p. 89.

• LE DEUFF, Olivier, DAVID, Jean, BOREL, Clément, et al. Paul Otlet sur le web: une étude cartographique. In : H2PTM’19. De l’hypertexte aux humanités numériques. 2019.

• CAYLA, Nathalie. Dinosaur Geotourism: A World-Wide Growing Tourism Niche. In : The Geotourism Industry in the 21st Century. Apple Academic Press, 2020. p. 449-472.

• VERDI, UGO et DESFRICHES-DORIA, ORÉLIE. Information Literacy: une exploration hypertextuelle. H2PTM’19: De l’hypertexte aux humanités numériques, 2019, p. 22.

• FROIO, Caterina. Nosotros y los Otros. La alteridad en los sitios web de las extremas derechas en Francia. We and the Others. The alterity in the websites of the. deSignis Serie Intersecciones deSigniS Intersection’s Series, p. 241.

• HERASIMOVICH, Volha et ALZUA-SORZABAL, Aurkene. Communication network analysis to advance mapping ‘sport for development and peace’complexity: Cohesion and leadership. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2021, vol. 56, no 2, p. 170-193.

• HUMALISTO, Niko, VALVE, Helena, ÅKERMAN, Maria, "Making the circular economy online: a hyperlink analysis of the articulation of nutrient recycling in Finland", (2021), Environmental Politics, 30:5, 833-853, DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2020.1817291

• CAFIERO, Florian, GUILLE-ESCURET Paul, WARD Jeremy K, "“I’m not an antivaxxer, but…”: Spurious and authentic diversity among vaccine critical activists" (2021), in Social Networks, Volume 65, 2021, Pages 63-70, ISSN 0378-8733. DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2020.11.004.

• BLANKE, Tobias, VENTURINI, Tommaso, "A network view on reliability: using machine learning to understand how we assess news websites" (2021), in Journal of Computational Social Science. DOI: 10.1007/s42001-021-00116-w

• HERASIMOVICH, Volha, ALZUA-SORZABAL, Aurkene. "Communication network analysis to advance mapping ‘sport for development and peace’ complexity: Cohesion and leadership" (2020), in International Review for the Sociology of Sport. DOI: 10.1177/1012690220909748

• WARD Jeremy K, GUILLE-ESCURET Paul, ALAPETITE Clément, "Les « antivaccins », figure de l’anti-Science" (2019), in Déviance et Société, 2019/2 (Vol. 43), p. 221-251. DOI: 10.3917/ds.432.0221

• TOURNAY Virginie, JACOMY Mathieu, NECULA Andra, LEIBING Annette & BLASIMME Alessandro, 2019, "A New Web-Based Big Data Analytics for Dynamic Public Opinion Mapping in Digital Networks on Contested Biotechnology Fields", in OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0130

• CARDON, Dominique, Jean-Philippe COINTET, Benjamin OOGHE, and Guillaume PLIQUE. "Unfolding the Multi-Layered Structure of the French Mediascape" (2019), report for Institut Montaigne.

• LAROUSSERIE David, 2019, "Les premiers pas d’un Internet quantique", in Le Monde.

• ÁLVARO SÁNCHEZ, Sandra, 2019, "A Topological Space for Design, Participation and Production. Tracking Spaces of Transformation", in Journal of Peer Production, Issue 13: OPEN.

• VENTURINI, Tommaso, JACOMY, Mathieu, BOUNEGRU, Liliana & GRAY, Jonathan, (2018), "Visual Network Exploration for Data Journalists", In The Routledge Handbook of Developments in Digital Journalism Studies (pp. 265-283). Routledge.

• DESFRICHES-DORIA, Orélie, SERGENT, Henri, TRAN, Félicia, HAETTICH, Yoann & BOREL, Justine (2018), "What is Digital Humanities' identity in interdisciplinary practices?: An experiment with digital tools for visualizing the francophone DH network, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies (WS.2 2018), Everardo Reyes, Mark Bernstein, Giancarlo Ruffo, and Imad Saleh (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 39-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3240431.3240439

• WARD, Jeremy, CAFIERO, Florian, FRETIGNY, Raphael, COLGROVE, James & SEROR, Valérie. France's citizen consultation on vaccination and the challenges of participatory democracy in health (2018), in Social Science & Medicine. 220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.032

• COUSIN Grégoire & PONTRANDOLFO Stefania (2018), Sull’uso politico dei rom in campagna elettorale. Una ricerca sul web. In Pontrandolfo, S. (ed.), Politiche locali per Rom e Sinti in Italia. Roma, CISU, pp. 243-265.

• OJALA, Mace "Mining with Hyphe", 2018 (a blog post on Ethos Lab's blog)

• FROIO, Caterina, "Race, Religion, or Culture? Framing Islam between Racism and Neo-Racism in the Online Network of the French Far Right", in Perspectives on Politics, 16(3) (n° 202-203), p. 696-709, 2018. DOI: 10.1017/S1537592718001573.

• FROIO, Caterina, "Nous et les autres. L’altérité sur les sites web des extrêmes droites en France", in Réseaux, 2017/2 (n° 202-203), p. 39-78. DOI: 10.3917/res.202.0039.

• CREPEL, Maxime, BOULLIER, Dominique, JACOMY, Mathieu, OOGHE-TABANOU, Benjamin, ANTOLINOS-BASSO, Diego, MONSALLIER, Paul "Privacy web corpus", 2017.

• DE CARVALHO PEREIRA, Débora "Les réseaux d'influence sur le web dans le domaine des produits laitiers" (2017), report for REPASTOL.

• CAYLA, Nathalie, PEYRACHE-GADEAU, Véronique, La singularité territoriale générée par le déploiement de la marque Parc naturel régional, 2017

• ROGERS, Richard. Digital Methods for Cross-platform Analysis. J. Burgess, A. Marwick e T. Poell (a cura di) The Sage Handbook of Social Media. London: Sage, 2017.

• SERRES, Alexandre et STALDER, Angèle. L'EMI sur le web: cartographie d'un domaine en émergence. In: Journée d'étude GRCDI-ESPE de Caen et Rouen,«L’EMI en questions: enjeux, prescriptions, contenus, apprentissages». 2016.

• ROMELE, Alberto, SEVERO Marta. From Philosopher to Network. Using Digital Traces for Understanding Paul Ricoeur’s Legacy. Azimuth. Philosophical Coordinates in Modern and Contemporary Age, Edizioni Storia e Letteratura, 2016, Philosophy and Digital Traces, VI (6), <azimuthjournal.com>

• BERTHELOT, Marie-Aimée, SEVERO, Marta, et KERGOSIEN, Eric. Cartographier les acteurs d'un territoire: une approche appliquée au patrimoine industriel textile du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In: CIST2016-En quête de territoire (s)?. 2016. p. 66-72.

• PEDROJA, Cynthia, et al. "Dépasser la liste : quand la bibliothèque entre dans la danse des corpus web." Digital Humanities 2016 (DH2016). Jagiellonian University & Pedagogical University, 2016.

• ARZHEIMER, Kai, "The AfD’s Facebook Wall: A new Hub for Right-Wing Mobilisation in Germany?", in American Political Science Association Conference, 2015.

• SCHNEIDER, Élisabeth, SERRES, Alexandre & STALDER, Angèle. L’EMI en partage: essai de cartographie des acteurs. In: 10e Congrès des Enseignants Documentalistes de l'Education Nationale" Enseigner-apprendre l'information-documentation". 2015.

• KERGOSIEN, Eric, JACQUEMIN, Bernard, SEVERO, Marta, et al. Vers l'interopérabilité des données hétérogènes liées au patrimoine industriel textile. In: CiDE. 18. 18e Colloque international sur le Document Électronique. Europia, 2015. p. 145-158.

• MUNK, Anders Kristian. Mapping Wind Energy Controversies Online: Introduction to Methods and Datasets. 2014.

• COUSIN, Grégoire & PONTRANDOLFO, Stefania (2014). Emergence and Diffusion of «Roma issues» in the political web arena. At the Conference "Construyendo puentes entre acción política e investigación social. Logros, desafíos y perspectivas en las políticas acerca de la población gitana en el Estado español. Un encuentro entre investigadores, responsables políticos y tercer sector", Barcelona, 16-17 October 2014

Credits & License

Mathieu Jacomy, Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou & Guillaume Plique @ Sciences Po médialab

Discover more of our projects at médialab tools.

This work is supported by DIME-Web, part of DIME-SHS research equipment financed by the EQUIPEX program (ANR-10-EQPX-19-01).

Hyphe is a free open source software released under AGPL 3.0 license.

Thanks to https://www.useragents.me for maintaining a great updated list of common user agents which are reused within Hyphe!

[...] I hear _kainos_ [(greek: "now")] in the sense of thick, ongoing presence, with __hyphae__ infusing all sorts of temporalities and materialities."

Donna J. Haraway, Staying with the Trouble, Making kin with the Chthlucene p.2