freer-simple — a friendly effect system for Haskell 
The freer-simple library is an implementation of an extensible effect system for Haskell, a general-purpose way of tracking effects at the type level and handling them in different ways. The concept of an “effect” is very general: it encompasses the things most people consider side-effects, like generating random values, interacting with the file system, and mutating state, but it also includes things like access to an immutable global environment and exception handling.
The key features of freer-simple are:
-
An efficient effect system for Haskell as a library.
-
Implementations for several common Haskell monads as effects, including
Reader,Writer,State,Error, and others. -
A combinator language for defining your own effects, designed to make simple, common use cases easy to read and write.
For more details, see the package documentation on Hackage.
Code example
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
import qualified Prelude
import qualified System.Exit
import Prelude hiding (putStrLn, getLine)
import Control.Monad.Freer
import Control.Monad.Freer.TH
import Control.Monad.Freer.Error
import Control.Monad.Freer.State
import Control.Monad.Freer.Writer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Effect Model --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data Console r where
PutStrLn :: String -> Console ()
GetLine :: Console String
ExitSuccess :: Console ()
makeEffect ''Console
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Effectful Interpreter --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
runConsole :: Eff '[Console, IO] a -> IO a
runConsole = runM . interpretM (\case
PutStrLn msg -> Prelude.putStrLn msg
GetLine -> Prelude.getLine
ExitSuccess -> System.Exit.exitSuccess)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Pure Interpreter --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
runConsolePure :: [String] -> Eff '[Console] w -> [String]
runConsolePure inputs req = snd . fst $
run (runWriter (runState inputs (runError (reinterpret3 go req))))
where
go :: Console v -> Eff '[Error (), State [String], Writer [String]] v
go (PutStrLn msg) = tell [msg]
go GetLine = get >>= \case
[] -> error "not enough lines"
(x:xs) -> put xs >> pure x
go ExitSuccess = throwError ()Acknowledgements
The freer-simple package began as a fork of freer-effects by Ixperta Solutions, which in turn is a fork of freer by Allele Dev. All implementations are based on the paper and reference implementation by Oleg Kiselyov.