Reddit r/place in a weekend throwdown!
Soooo, I said I could implement r/place (minus mobile support) in a weekend. Someone called me on it, so I did it.
Postmortem writeup Original HN thread
Design
This was written when I started the project. You're better off taking a look at the postmortem blog post for details about how it works.
The actual image edits will all be sent to Kafka. Each server (well, kafka client) will host a snapshot of the place image which it will serve.
Now, the entire image will actually be kind of big and slow to png-encode. We can't re-encode it all the time. So instead I'm going to only regenerate the image every 100 edits or something and aggressively cache it in nginx.
That means the client will see an old version of the image. To get around that (and to allow people to see pixels change in realtime) I'm going to add a server-sent events endpoint which will allow the client to subscribe from a given image version.
So:
Reads:
- Client gets image, which may be a bit old. Image fetch hits nginx, which will respond with a cached copy 99% of the time. Response header contains image version (eg, 1000). If the image is not in cache it is generated in the node server.
- Client hits
/edits?v=1000or something. They get back a stream of edits from the specified version. The client applies those edits locally to the image they downloaded.
Writes:
- Client sends a POST request with the desired edit (x, y, value) to
/edit. Server sends message to kafka. - Client sees their own write once they get back a message from the eventstream. If I have time I'll make their edit speculatively visible in the client before they see it in the server data.
Using this architecture I can spin up as many servers as I want to handle the load. Writes are all sent through kafka, which can handle millions of edits per second.
When the server starts it needs to load the current data. Instead of replaying the entire kafka event log, the client will store a local snapshot in lmdb containing a recent copy of the image data.
There's a fair few moving parts that all need to be kept in sync: kafka, server, client, lmdb. But all the data flows one way (client -> server -> kafka -> client) and ({lmdb, kafka} -> server -> {lmdb, kafka}). So it should be mostly straightforward. I hope.
License
ISC License
Copyright (c) 2017 Joseph Gentle
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.