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OpenResty(ngx_lua, http://openresty.org )+Moochine 完整实例

OpenResty(ngx_lua)+Moochine 完整实例

这个项目演示了如何使用OpenResty和Moochine开发Web应用。

〇、Run this demo with/in Docker

Get Docker image and run:

docker pull kdr2/debian:sid-moochine
# run in attached docker container shell:
$ docker run -t -i -p 0.0.0.0:9801:9800 kdr2/debian:sid-moochine /bin/bash
root@4df89d75e286:/# /root/moochine-demo/bin/start.sh
# or in a detached dcoker container:
$ docker run -d -p 0.0.0.0:9801:9800 kdr2/debian:sid-moochine /root/moochine-demo/bin/start.sh -f

Then visit http://localhost:9801/ltp with you browser. More details: https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/kdr2/debian/

一、安装配置

1.1 OpenResty 安装

参看:http://openresty.org/#Installation 编译时选择luajit, ./configure --with-luajit

1.2 Moochine 安装

#Checkout Moochine 代码
git clone git://github.com/appwilldev/moochine.git

1.3 配置环境变量

#设置OpenResty环境变量
export OPENRESTY_HOME=/usr/local/openresty

#设置Moochine环境变量
export MOOCHINE_HOME=/path/to/moochine

#将以上两个环境变量 加到 ~/.bash_profile 里,下次登陆自动生效
vim ~/.bash_profile

#使环境变量立即生效
source ~/.bash_profile

二、示例(模版)程序

2.1 Checkout 示例代码

git clone git://github.com/appwilldev/moochine-demo.git
cd moochine-demo

2.2 程序目录结构

moochine-demo #程序根目录
|
|-- routing.lua # URL Routing配置
|-- application.lua # moochine app 描述文件
|
|-- app #应用目录
|   `-- test.lua #请求处理函数
|
|-- bin #脚本目录
|   |-- debug.sh #关闭服务->清空error log->启动服务->查看error log
|   |-- reload.sh #平滑重载配置
|   |-- start.sh #启动
|   |-- stop.sh #关闭
|   |-- console.sh #moochine控制台。注意:moochine控制台需要安装Python2.7或Python3.2。
|   `-- cut_nginx_log_daily.sh #Nginx日志切割脚本
|
|-- conf  #配置目录
|    `-- nginx.conf  #Nginx配置文件模版。需要配置 `set $MOOCHINE_APP_NAME 'moochine-demo';` 为真实App的名字。
|
|-- templates  #ltp模版目录
|    `-- ltp.html  #ltp模版文件
|
|-- static  #静态文件(图片,css,js等)目录
|    `-- main.js  #js文件
|
|-- moochine_demo.log #调试日志文件。在 application.lua 可以配置路径和Level。
|
`-- nginx_runtime #Nginx运行时目录。这个目录下的文件由程序自动生成,无需手动管理。
    |-- conf
    |   `-- p-nginx.conf #Nginx配置文件(自动生成),执行 ./bin/start.sh 时会根据conf/nginx.conf 自动生成。
    |
    `-- logs #Nginx运行时日志目录
        |-- access.log #Nginx 访问日志
        |-- error.log #Nginx 错误日志
        `-- nginx.pid #Nginx进程ID文件

2.3 启动/停止/重载/重启 方法

./bin/start.sh #启动
./bin/stop.sh #停止
./bin/reload.sh #平滑重载配置
./bin/debug.sh #关闭服务->清空error log->启动服务->查看error log

注意:以上命令只能在程序根目录执行,类似 ./bin/xxx.sh 的方式。

2.4 测试

curl "http://localhost:9800/hello?name=xxxxxxxx"
curl "http://localhost:9800/ltp"
tail -f moochine_demo.log #查看 调试日志的输出
tail -f nginx_runtime/logs/access.log  #查看 Nginx 访问日志的输出
tail -f nginx_runtime/logs/error.log  #查看 Nginx 错误日志和调试日志 的输出

2.5 通过moochine控制台调试

./bin/console.sh #运行后会打开一个console,可以输入调试代码检查结果。注意:moochine控制台需要安装Python2.7或Python3.2。

三、开发Web应用

3.1 URL Routing: routing.lua

#!/usr/bin/env lua
-- -*- lua -*-
-- copyright: 2012 Appwill Inc.
-- author : ldmiao
--

local router = require('mch.router')
router.setup()

---------------------------------------------------------------------

map('^/hello%?name=(.*)',           'test.hello')

---------------------------------------------------------------------

3.2 请求处理函数:app/test.lua

请求处理函数接收2个参数,request和response,分别对应HTTP的request和response。从request对象拿到客户端发送过来的数据,通过response对象返回数据。request和response对象也可以通过ngx.ctx.request, ngx.ctx.response来获取。

#!/usr/bin/env lua
-- -*- lua -*-
-- copyright: 2012 Appwill Inc.
-- author : ldmiao
--

module("test", package.seeall)

local JSON = require("cjson")
local Redis = require("resty.redis")

function hello(req, resp, name)
    if req.method=='GET' then
        -- resp:writeln('Host: ' .. req.host)
        -- resp:writeln('Hello, ' .. ngx.unescape_uri(name))
        -- resp:writeln('name, ' .. req.uri_args['name'])
        resp.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
        resp:writeln(JSON.encode(req.uri_args))

        resp:writeln({{'a','c',{'d','e', {'f','b'})
    elseif req.method=='POST' then
        -- resp:writeln('POST to Host: ' .. req.host)
        req:read_body()
        resp.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
        resp:writeln(JSON.encode(req.post_args))
    end
end

3.3 request对象的属性和方法

以下属性值的详细解释,可以通过 http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModulehttp://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule 查找到。

--属性
method          = ngx.var.request_method    -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24request_method
schema          = ngx.var.schema            -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24scheme
host            = ngx.var.host              -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24host
hostname        = ngx.var.hostname          -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24hostname
uri             = ngx.var.request_uri       -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24request_uri
path            = ngx.var.uri               -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24uri
filename        = ngx.var.request_filename  -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24request_filename
query_string    = ngx.var.query_string      -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24query_string
user_agent      = ngx.var.http_user_agent   -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24http_HEADER
remote_addr     = ngx.var.remote_addr       -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24remote_addr
remote_port     = ngx.var.remote_port       -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24remote_port
remote_user     = ngx.var.remote_user       -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24remote_user
remote_passwd   = ngx.var.remote_passwd     -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24remote_passwd
content_type    = ngx.var.content_type      -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24content_type
content_length  = ngx.var.content_length    -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#.24content_length

headers         = ngx.req.get_headers()     -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.get_headers
uri_args        = ngx.req.get_uri_args()    -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.get_uri_args
post_args       = ngx.req.get_post_args()   -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.get_post_args
socket          = ngx.req.socket            -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.socket

--方法
request:read_body()                         -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.read_body
request:get_uri_arg(name, default)
request:get_post_arg(name, default)
request:get_arg(name, default)

request:get_cookie(key, decrypt)
request:rewrite(uri, jump)                  -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.set_uri
request:set_uri_args(args)                  -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.req.set_uri_args

3.4 response对象的属性和方法

--属性
headers         = ngx.header                -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.header.HEADER

--方法
response:set_cookie(key, value, encrypt, duration, path)
response:write(content)
response:writeln(content)
response:ltp(template,data)
response:redirect(url, status)              -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.redirect

response:finish()                           -- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#ngx.eof
response:is_finished()
response:defer(func, ...)                   -- 在response返回后执行

3.5 打印调试日志

application.lua 里定义log文件的位置和Level

logger:i(format, ...)  -- INFO
logger:d(format, ...)  -- DEBUG
logger:w(format, ...)  -- WARN
logger:e(format, ...)  -- ERROR
logger:f(format, ...)  -- FATAL
-- format 和string.format(s, ...) 保持一致:http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#pdf-string.format

查看调试日志

tail -f moochine_demo.log

查看nginx错误日志

tail -f nginx_runtime/logs/error.log  #查看 Nginx 错误日志和调试日志 的输出

3.6 常见错误

  1. MOOCHINE URL Mapping Error
  2. Error while doing defers
  3. Moochine ERROR

四、Multi-App 与 Sub-App

4.1 multi-app

多个 moochine-app 可以运行与同一nginx进程中,只要将本例子中nginx.conf内moochine-app相关段配置多份即可。

4.2 sub-app

某moochine-app可以作为另一app的sub-app运行,在主app的application.lua内配置:

subapps={
    subapp1 = {path="/path/to/subapp1", config={}},
    ...
}

五、参考

  1. http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule
  2. http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule
  3. http://openresty.org
  4. https://github.com/appwilldev/moochine