aiosmtpd - An asyncio based SMTP server

   

    

The Python standard library includes a basic SMTP server in the smtpd module, based on the old asynchronous libraries asyncore and asynchat. These modules are quite old and are definitely showing their age; asyncore and asynchat are difficult APIs to work with, understand, extend, and fix. (And have been deprecated since Python 3.6, and will be removed in Python 3.12.)

With the introduction of the asyncio module in Python 3.4, a much better way of doing asynchronous I/O is now available. It seems obvious that an asyncio-based version of the SMTP and related protocols are needed for Python 3. This project brings together several highly experienced Python developers collaborating on this reimplementation.

This package provides such an implementation of both the SMTP and LMTP protocols.

Full documentation is available on aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io

Requirements

You need at least Python 3.7 to use this library.

Supported Platforms

aiosmtpd has been tested on CPython>=3.7 and PyPy>=3.7 for the following platforms (in alphabetical order):

• Cygwin (as of 2022-12-22, only for CPython 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9)
• MacOS 11 and 12
• Ubuntu 18.04
• Ubuntu 20.04
• Ubuntu 22.04
• Windows 10
• Windows Server 2019
• Windows Server 2022

aiosmtpd probably can run on platforms not listed above, but we cannot provide support for unlisted platforms.

Installation

Install as usual with pip:

pip install aiosmtpd

If you receive an error message ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'public', it likely means your setuptools is too old; try to upgrade setuptools to at least version 46.4.0 which had implemented a fix for this issue.

Project details

As of 2016-07-14, aiosmtpd has been put under the aio-libs umbrella project and moved to GitHub.

• Project home: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd
• PyPI project page: https://pypi.org/project/aiosmtpd/
• Report bugs at: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd/issues
• Git clone: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd.git
• Documentation: http://aiosmtpd.readthedocs.io/
• StackOverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/aiosmtpd

The best way to contact the developers is through the GitHub links above. You can also request help by submitting a question on StackOverflow.

Building

You can install this package in a virtual environment like so:

$ python3 -m venv /path/to/venv
$ source /path/to/venv/bin/activate
$ python setup.py install

This will give you a command line script called aiosmtpd which implements the SMTP server. Use aiosmtpd --help for a quick reference.

You will also have access to the aiosmtpd library, which you can use as a testing environment for your SMTP clients. See the documentation links above for details.

Developing

You'll need the tox tool to run the test suite for Python 3. Once you've got that, run:

$ tox

Individual tests can be run like this:

$ tox -- <testname>

where <testname> is the "node id" of the test case to run, as explained in the pytest documentation. The command above will run that one test case against all testenvs defined in tox.ini (see below).

If you want test to stop as soon as it hit a failure, use the -x/--exitfirst option:

$ tox -- -x

You can also add the -s/--capture=no option to show output, e.g.:

$ tox -e py37-nocov -- -s

and these options can be combined:

$ tox -e py37-nocov -- -x -s <testname>

(The -e parameter is explained in the next section about 'testenvs'. In general, you'll want to choose the nocov testenvs if you want to show output, so you can see which test is generating which output.)

Supported 'testenvs'

In general, the -e parameter to tox specifies one (or more) testenv to run (separate using comma if more than one testenv). The following testenvs have been configured and tested:

• {py37,py38,py39,py310,py311,pypy3,pypy37,pypy38,pypy39}-{nocov,cov,diffcov,profile}

  Specifies the interpreter to run and the kind of testing to perform.

  • nocov = no coverage testing. Tests will run verbosely.
  • cov = with coverage testing. Tests will run in brief mode (showing a single character per test run)
  • diffcov = with diff-coverage report (showing difference in coverage compared to previous commit). Tests will run in brief mode
  • profile = no coverage testing, but code profiling instead. This must be invoked manually using the -e parameter

  Note 1: As of 2021-02-23, only the {py37,py38,py39}-{nocov,cov} combinations work on Cygwin.

  Note 2: It is also possible to use whatever Python version is used when invoking tox by using the py target, but you must explicitly include the type of testing you want. For example:

  $ tox -e "py-{nocov,cov,diffcov}"
  

  (Don't forget the quotes if you want to use braces!)

  You might want to do this for CI platforms where the exact Python version is pre-prepared, such as Travis CI or GitHub Actions; this will definitely save some time during tox's testenv prepping.

  For all testenv combinations except diffcov, bandit security check will also be run prior to running pytest.

• qa

  Performs flake8 code style checking, and flake8-bugbear design checking.

  In addition, some tests to help ensure that aiosmtpd is releasable to PyPI are also run.

• docs

  Builds HTML documentation and manpage using Sphinx. A pytest doctest will run prior to actual building of the documentation.

• static

  Performs a static type checking using pytype.

  Note 1: Please ensure that all pytype dependencies have been installed before executing this testenv.

  Note 2: This testenv will be _SKIPPED_ on Windows, because pytype currently cannot run on Windows.

  Note 3: This testenv does NOT work on Cygwin.

Environment Variables

ASYNCIO_CATCHUP_DELAY

Due to how asyncio event loop works, some actions do not instantly get responded to. This is especially so on slower / overworked systems. In consideration of such situations, some test cases invoke a slight delay to let the event loop catch up.

Defaults to 0.1 and can be set to any float value you want.

Different Python Versions

The tox configuration files have been created to cater for more than one Python versions safely: If an interpreter is not found for a certain Python version, tox will skip that whole testenv.

However, with a little bit of effort, you can have multiple Python interpreter versions on your system by using pyenv. General steps:

1. Install pyenv from https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation

2. Install tox-pyenv from https://pypi.org/project/tox-pyenv/

3. Using pyenv, install the Python versions you want to test on

4. Create a .python-version file in the root of the repo, listing the Python interpreter versions you want to make available to tox (see pyenv's documentation about this file)

   Tip: The 1st line of .python-version indicates your preferred Python version which will be used to run tox.

5. Invoke tox with the option --tox-pyenv-no-fallback (see tox-pyenv's documentation about this option)

housekeep.py

If you ever need to 'reset' your repo, you can use the housekeep.py utility like so:

$ python housekeep.py superclean

It is strongly recommended to NOT do superclean too often, though. Every time you invoke superclean, tox will have to recreate all its testenvs, and this will make testing much longer to finish.

superclean is typically only needed when you switch branches, or if you want to really ensure that artifacts from previous testing sessions won't interfere with your next testing sessions.

For example, you want to force Sphinx to rebuild all documentation. Or, you're sharing a repo between environments (say, PSCore and Cygwin) and the cached Python bytecode messes up execution (e.g., sharing the exact same directory between Windows PowerShell and Cygwin will cause problems as Python becomes confused about the locations of the source code).

Signing Keys

Starting version 1.3.1, files provided through PyPI or GitHub Releases will be signed using one of the following GPG Keys:

License

aiosmtpd is released under the Apache License version 2.0.