osmpbfreader-rs 
Read OpenStreetMap PBF files with rust in an easy and effective way. The main inspiration of this library is libosmpbfreader.
Documentation
Find it on Docs.rs
Using this lib
This crate works with Cargo and is on crates.io. The package is regularly updated.
For complete example, you can see the examples.
You can find OSM PBF files at Geofabrik's free download server.
Performances
Using the different examples compiled in release mode:
$ grep CPU /proc/cpuinfo | uniq -c
8 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4702HQ CPU @ 2.20GHz
$ rustc --version
rustc 1.14.0 (e8a012324 2016-12-16)
$ ls -sh france-latest.osm.pbf
3,3G france-latest.osm.pbf
$ time ./target/release/examples/tutorial france-latest.osm.pbf
416483839 objects in "france-latest.osm.pbf"
real 4m24.784s
user 4m18.476s
sys 0m6.164s
$ time ./target/release/examples/count france-latest.osm.pbf admin_level 8
counting objects with tags["admin_level"] = "8"...
53 nodes, mean coord: 46.25862766415095, 2.9082348867924517.
108190 ways, mean |nodes|: 72.09304926518162
35984 relations, mean |references|: 8.705369052912406
real 1m10.117s
user 8m16.164s
sys 0m23.120s
$ time ./target/release/examples/count_with_deps france-latest.osm.pbf admin_level 8
counting objects with tags["admin_level"] = "8" and their depedencies...
9497221 nodes, mean coord: 46.69071931974348, 2.2632424769587915.
136950 ways, mean |nodes|: 70.35282949981745
36408 relations, mean |references|: 8.771121731487586
real 5m9.814s
user 33m52.820s
sys 0m28.624s
License
This work is free. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License, Version 2, as published by Sam Hocevar. See the COPYING file for more details.
Note that src/fileformat.proto and src/osmformat.proto come from
OSM-binary under the MIT.