SAP Cloud for Customer OData API Developer's Guide

The SAP Cloud for Customer OData API Developer’s Guide complements the SAP Cloud for Customer OData API Reference with usage details and samples for SAP Cloud for Customer OData API in a format that is most convenient to developers. Furthermore, it also covers known restrictions and limitations of the SAP Cloud for Customer OData API.

For a brief introduction to SAP Cloud for Customer OData API, please refer to SAP Cloud for Customer OData API Documentation.

SAP Cloud for Customer OData API Developer's Guide

What is OData protocol?

Open Data (OData) Protocol is an OASIS standard that defines best practices for building and consuming RESTful APIs. It is based on HTTP protocol and provides metadata for the entities it exposes and their relationships. In some ways, it is similar to SQL for a relational database system (RDBMS) as it provides querying options such as filtering, ordering results, support for pagination, number of records and more. It supports both XML (Atom) and JSON formats for querying and modifying data.

For more information on OData please refer to http://www.odata.org where you can find detailed documentation and tutorials.

OData versions

SAP Cloud for Customer, specifically, supports the V2.0 of the OData protocol (with some additional enhancements and a few limitations), you can read the details of OData V2 here.

SAP Cloud for Customer (C4C) OData Services

You can try the examples shown in this document by accessing the OData API of your SAP Cloud for Customer (C4C) tenant using the following URL pattern:

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/odataservicecatalog/ODataServiceCollection

where myNNNNNN is the name of your tenant.

OData Service Catalog

OData Service Catalog contains the list of available OData Services in the corresponding C4C tenant. In order to get the list of available OData services in your C4C tenant use the following URL:

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/odataservicecatalog/ODataServiceCollection

The catalog service returns both standard OData services delivered by SAP as well as the custom services that you may have modeled in your tenant using the OData Service Explorer.

SAP Standard vs. Custom OData Services

SAP Cloud for Customer provides a standard OData API. In addition, SAP Cloud for Customer also allows customers to build their own (custom) OData services based on the predefined business objects in the solution.

OData Service Explorer is a key user tool that allows exploring and testing SAP provided OData API as well as building custom services.

Standard and custom OData services offer the same capabilities and, are subjected to the same restrictions.

The following URL pattern differetiates the Standard and Custom OData services.

Standard services - https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/....
Custom services - https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/cust/v1/...

OData Service Document

OData service document contains the list of OData entities (a.k.a. collections) contained within that OData service. In order to retrieve the complete list of entity sets included in C4C OData service, you can open the following URL in your browser.

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/

where myNNNNNN is the name of your C4C tenant. (Please note that ‘/’ character at the end of the URI is required!)

OData Service Metadata

OData service metadata is retrieved via the following URL. (ObjectID as the key)

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/$metadata

OData service metadata is retrieved via the following URL. (User-friendly ID as the key)

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/uid/v1/c4codataapi/$metadata.

Labels for the entities and their properties can be retrieved by appending the query parameter sap-label=true.

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/$metadata?sap-label=true

To receive the UI labels in a particular language HTTP header Accept-Language can be used. Prefered language code can be set based on ISO 639-1.

For example, to receive the UI labels in Turkish the HTTP request header should be set as below:

Accept-Language:tr

Filtering Metadata

OData service metadata can be filtered for specific EntityTypes (including all dependent EntityTypes) using the $filter query parameter.

For example the following request will return the metadata for ServiceRequest and Opportunity EntityTypes.

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/$metadata?$filter=ServiceRequest,Opportunity

Supported HTTP operations

C4C OData API supports the following OData/HTTP operations:

Operation	Description
GET	Used to retrieve a single entity instance or multiple entity instances
POST	Used to create entity instances
PUT	Used to completely replace/overwrite and existing entity instance
PATCH	Used to replace/overwrite existing entity instance. The key difference between PUT and PATCH is that PUT overwrites the complete entity whereas PATCH only updates only attributes of the entity that are part of the payload
DELETE	Used to delete an entity record
$batch	Used to perform multiple query, create, update and delete operations with explicit transaction boundaries specified via Changesets as a part of the payload
Deep Insert	Used with POST. Allows the creation of complete entity (header entry, child entries etc) with a single POST request

SAP Cloud for Customer Annotations

Following table describes the OData Framework behavior as of the November, 2018 release (1811).

Annotation	Definition	Framework Behaviour
sap:creatable = true	Property is relevant while creating a new record	OData Framework passes the value in the payload to the Business Object.
sap:creatable = false	Property is NOT relevant for creating a new record	OData Framework raises an error if it receives a value for the property.
sap:updatable = true	Property is relevant while updating a record	OData Framework passes the value in the payload to the Business Object.
sap:updatable = false	Property is NOT relevant while updating a record	OData framework raises an error if the value is different from the one that exists in the Business Object.
sap:filterable = true	The property can be used in $filter query parameter	OData Framework passes the filter value to the Business Object.
sap:filterable = false	filterable = false	If $filter is used on that property OData framework raises an error
c4c:context-property	The annotation provides the context for the property	E.g. Country is the context for the property RegionCode (i.e. State).

Exception:

In an POST (create) call, if a property has the attributes sap:creatable = false and Nullable = false (usually the case for ObjectID property as the value is auto-generated), OData framework will silently ignore the provided value.
During a PUT/PATCH (update) call, values passed for ETag and Code Descriptions (e.g. StatusCodeText, CountryCodeText, etc.) will be silently ignored.

Note: The "Nullable" attribute indicates if the underlying field in the database allows null values. It is only relevant for the API consumers when combined with sap:creatable and sap:updatable annotations. For example: A property with the combination of Nullable=false AND sap:creatable = true attributes indicates that the a value for the propety is Mandatory (required).

Known Limitations

Limitation	Workaround
C4C OData API DOES NOT support usage of String, Date and Math Functions in $filter System Query Option.	See $filter for supported options
Logical OR only works for the same property. E.g. "...$filter=PartyID eq '1001' or PartyID eq '1002'" works. "...$filter=PartyID eq '1001' or TerritoryID eq 'CA'" not supported.	Each or segment can be executed as a seperate query, and the results can be collated. E.g. : 1st Query - " ...$filter=PartyID eq '1001'" 2nd Query - "$filter=TerritoryID eq 'CA'". In order to reduce round trips to the server, multiple queries can be executed as part of a $batch query.
C4C OData API currently DOES NOT support the usage of properties from expanded navigations as part of $filter conditions.	See $expand for a possible workaround when the sub-entity contains a reference to the main entity with the property ParentObjectID.
$search system query option is not supported as part of a $batch call.	Instead, a consumer can execute multiple GET calls with $search in parallel and consolidate the results

Consuming C4C OData API

Supported Formats

SAP Cloud for Customer OData API supports HTTP request and response payloads in both Atom (XML) and JSON formats. The default payload format is Atom (XML). In order to use JSON format please follow the instructions below:

For HTTP GET requests, use the system query parameter $format=json.

Example:

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/odataservicecatalog/?$format=json

will return

{"d":{"EntitySets":["ODataServiceCollection"]}}

For HTTP POST/PATCH/PUT requests with JSON payload, set the HTTP Content-Type header as below:

Content-Type: application/json

Authentication

SAP Cloud for Customer OData API supports the following authentication mechanisms:

Authentication Method	HTTP Header
Basic authentication	`Authorization: Basic _base64_encoded_value_of_username:password_`
OAuth SAML bearer flow	`Authorization: Bearer _OAuth_token_`
SAML Based frontend SSO	Use the SSO URL of the tenant with odata-sso in the OData service path. For example: `https://myxxxxxx-sso.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata-sso/c4codataapi`
Techical/Integration User	See the configuration steps below

Please note:

The C4C system used in the example URLs throughout this document, doesn't require authentication.
All HTTP requests should have an Authorization header.
In the formats shown above, please note the space between Basic, Bearer and the values following them respectively.

Technical / Integration User based Authentication

To create an integration user, follow these instructions:

Define a communication system.
Define a communication arrangement.
Select the communication scenario OData Services for Business Objects.
Select an authentication method (Basic Authentication or Certificate based Authentication)
Select OData services to provide access.

CSRF Token

In order to prevent possible Cross-site request forgery attacks, SAP Cloud for Customer OData API requires all modifying HTTP requests (POST/PUT/PATCH) to specify a CSRF token, in addition to the Authorization header.

Please follow the steps below to receive a CSRF token:

First, perform an HTTP GET request to the service end-point (e.g. retrieve the service document end-point https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/) with the HTTP request header:

x-csrf-token: fetch

After a successful call, the C4C server will respond with the expected response payload and a CSRF token in the respective response X-CSRF-Token.

Here is an example CSRF Token returned as part of the response header

x-csrf-token: Xi6wOfG-O55Wt8ZkhYW0eA==

The token value retrieved above needs to be used for subsequent modifying HTTP requests (i.e. POST/PUT/PATCH).

Note: CSRF token handling is not required for scenarios involving server-to-server communication - e.g. OAuth based, client certificate based authentication and integration (technical) user.

Custom Headers

Custom Header	Description
odata-no-codedescs	Prevent server sending the descriptions for code properties i.e. the Text Properties back to the client after reading data. Send true, if Code Descriptions shouldn't be returned after reading data.
odata-no-response-payload	Prevent server sending the created entity back to the client after a POST request. Send true, if an entity shouldn't be returned after a successful POST call

Server side paging

For HTTP GET requests, if no query options are specified, the server enforces paging in order to provide better performance. Currently the page size is fixed at 1000 entries.

If there are more than 1000 entries, the server includes a <link re"next" href="... element that can be used to retrieve the next 1000 entries.

Here is an excerpt with the next link:

...
                <d:StartDate>2012-08-25T00:00:00</d:StartDate>
                <d:StatusCode>6</d:StatusCode>
                <d:StatusCodeText>Converted</d:StatusCodeText>
                <d:UUID>00163E03-A070-1EE2-8BE6-D1A72CF7B7D6</d:UUID>
            </m:properties>
        </content>
    </entry>
    <link rel="next" href="https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/LeadCollection/?$skiptoken=1001"/>
</feed>

(in this specific case the LeadCollection entity set is being queried).

Client side paging

Alternative to server side paging where the page size is determined by the server (i.e. 1000 records per page), one can also implement paging at the client side for any page size. In this case, $top and $skip system query options can be used together to retrieve a page of records. In order to determine the number of pages, one can use the $count to get the number of records matching the query. The following example returns 100 records (i.e. page size of 100) starting from record number 301.

Query to retrieve the number of CorporateAccounts in the US:

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/CorporateAccountCollection/$count?$filter=CountryCode eq 'US'

Query to retrieve the 4th page of records (with a page size of 100):

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/CorporateAccountCollection?$skip=300&$top=100

Sample Java Client

A sample Java client demonstrating how to make OData calls to C4C is available here. The sample uses Apache Olingo library to construct and read OData payloads.

Supported System Query Options

As stated above, SAP Cloud for Customer supports version 2 of the OData protocol. Here we list the set of system query options that are supported by the C4C OData implementation. For brevity, initial part of the URL https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi is skipped in the following examples:

Query Option	Example	Description
$batch	/$batch	Perform several OData query, create, update or delete operations with a single HTTP POST call.
$count	/OpportunityCollection/$count	Returns the total number of Opportunities
$format	/OpportunityCollection?$format=json	Returns Opportunity entries in JSON format with server side paging
$inlinecount	/OpportunityCollection?$top=10&$inlinecount=allpages	Returns the top 10 opportunities and also returns the total number of opportunities.
$orderby	/OpportunityCollection?$orderby=CloseDate desc&$top=10	First performs an orderby on the Opportunities and then selects the top 10 from that ordered list. Here desc means descending order.
$search	/CustomerCollection?$search='Porter'	Returns Customer entries with at least one of the search enabled fields contain the word 'Porter'
$select	/OpportunityCollection?$select=OpportunityID,AccountID	Returns Opportunity entries but only 2 attributes OpportunityID and AccountID
$skip	/OpportunityCollection?$skip=10	Skips the first 10 entries and then returns the rest
$top	/OpportunityCollection?$top=10	Returns top 2 Opportunities. 'Top 2' is defined by server logic here

Below you will find additional details for some of the system query options.

$batch

Used to query, create/update multiple entities with explicit transaction boundaries specified via Changesets as a part of the payload

The following example;

retrieves top 3 entries from the ServiceRequestCollection (of the requestservice OData service)
updates a few properties of a ServiceRequest entry
creates a new ServiceRequestItem

Note: Please make sure to leave two blank lines after HTTP GET operations (as seen in the example below)

POST /sap/c4c/odata/v1/servicerequest/$batch HTTP/1.1
Host: myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=batch_guid_01
Content-Length: 1000
Authorization: Basic <base64encoded(user:pass)>
x-csrf-token: <a_valid_csrf_token>

--batch_guid_01
Content-Type: application/http
Content-Transfer-Encoding:binary

GET ServiceRequestCollection/?$top=3 HTTP/1.1


--batch_guid_01
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=changeset_guid_01

--changeset_guid_01
Content-Type: application/http
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary

PATCH ServiceRequestCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED596EBDFDA564728AC') HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Content-ID: 1
Content-Length: 10000

{
    "ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode" : "YJ",
    "ScheduledStartDate" : "2015-10-22T00:00:00",
    "ScheduledEndDate" : "2015-10-22T00:00:00",
    "ScheduledStartTime" : "PT13H00M00S",
    "ScheduledEndTime" : "PT15H00M00S"
}

--changeset_guid_01
Content-Type: application/http 
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary 

POST ServiceRequestItemCollection HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Content-ID: 2
Content-Length: 10000

{
    "Description": "1m water hose",
    "ParentObjectID": "00163E0DBD9E1ED596EBDFDA564728AC",
    "ProductID": "10000760"
}

--changeset_guid_01-- 
--batch_guid_01--

Here is the response received for the above $batch call:

--ejjeeffe0
Content-Type: application/http
Content-Length: 18616
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/atom+xml;type=feed
Content-Length: 18503
dataserviceversion: 2.0


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xml:base="https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices">
    <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestCollection</id>
    <title type="text">ServiceRequestCollection</title>
    <updated>2015-10-02T23:43:16Z</updated>
    <author>
        <name/>
    </author>
    <link href="ServiceRequestCollection" rel="self" title="ServiceRequestCollection"/>
    <entry>
        <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')</id>
        <title type="text">ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')</title>
        <updated>2015-10-02T23:43:16Z</updated>
        <category term="servicerequest.ServiceRequest" scheme="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/scheme"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')" rel="edit" title="ServiceRequest"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="AddressSnapshotPostalAddress"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/ServiceRequestDescription" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestDescription" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestDescription"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/ServiceRequestItem" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestItem" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestItem"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76')/ServiceRequestTextCollection" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestTextCollection" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestTextCollection"/>
        <content type="application/xml">
            <m:properties>
                <d:ActivityCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ActivityCategoryName>
                <d:ActivityServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCode/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCodeText/>
                <d:AssignedTechnician/>
                <d:AssignedTo>8000000207</d:AssignedTo>
                <d:CauseCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:CauseCategoryName>
                <d:CauseServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ChangedBy>Eddie Wright</d:ChangedBy>
                <d:CompletedOnDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:CompletionDueDate>2012-11-08T00:00:00</d:CompletionDueDate>
                <d:Contact/>
                <d:ContractID/>
                <d:CreatedBy>Eddie Wright</d:CreatedBy>
                <d:CreationDate>2012-11-06T00:00:00</d:CreationDate>
                <d:Customer>AgileX</d:Customer>
                <d:CustomerID>1000077</d:CustomerID>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCode>1</d:DataOriginTypeCode>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>Manual data entry</d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>
                <d:DiagnosticTest>false</d:DiagnosticTest>
                <d:ID>2</d:ID>
                <d:IncidentCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:IncidentCategoryName>
                <d:IncidentServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:InitialResponseDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:InitialReviewDueDate>2012-11-06T00:00:00</d:InitialReviewDueDate>
                <d:InstallationPointID/>
                <d:InstalledBaseID/>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>1</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Open</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:LastChangeDate>2012-11-06T00:00:00</d:LastChangeDate>
                <d:LastResponseOnDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:Name>Monarch bike enquiry</d:Name>
                <d:NextResponseDueDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ObjectCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ObjectCategoryName>
                <d:ObjectID>00163E03A0701ED28A8644CF8D83AE76</d:ObjectID>
                <d:ObjectServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:Partner/>
                <d:PartnerID/>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCode>SRRQ</d:ProcessingTypeCode>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>Service Request</d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>
                <d:ProductCategoryDescription/>
                <d:ProductID/>
                <d:ReferenceDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ReportedForEmail/>
                <d:ReportedForPartyID/>
                <d:ReporterEmail/>
                <d:ReporterPartyID/>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>1</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>Processor Action</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>
                <d:RequestedEnd/>
                <d:RequestedEndTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:RequestedStart/>
                <d:RequestedStartTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:SalesTerritoryID/>
                <d:ScheduledEndDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledEndTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledEndTime>
                <d:ScheduledStartDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledStartTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledStartTime>
                <d:SerialID/>
                <d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>S3110</d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>
                <d:ServiceCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ServiceCategoryName>
                <d:ServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ServiceLevelAgreement/>
                <d:ServicePriorityCode>3</d:ServicePriorityCode>
                <d:ServicePriorityCodeText>Normal</d:ServicePriorityCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCode/>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCodeText/>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>1</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Open</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>1</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Open</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceTechnician/>
                <d:ServiceTechnicianTeam/>
                <d:Technician/>
                <d:WarrantyDescription/>
                <d:WarrantyFrom m:null="true"/>
                <d:WarrantyTo m:null="true"/>
            </m:properties>
        </content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')</id>
        <title type="text">ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')</title>
        <updated>2015-10-02T23:43:16Z</updated>
        <category term="servicerequest.ServiceRequest" scheme="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/scheme"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')" rel="edit" title="ServiceRequest"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="AddressSnapshotPostalAddress"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/ServiceRequestDescription" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestDescription" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestDescription"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/ServiceRequestItem" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestItem" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestItem"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD')/ServiceRequestTextCollection" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestTextCollection" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestTextCollection"/>
        <content type="application/xml">
            <m:properties>
                <d:ActivityCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ActivityCategoryName>
                <d:ActivityServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCode/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCodeText/>
                <d:AssignedTechnician/>
                <d:AssignedTo>8000000207</d:AssignedTo>
                <d:CauseCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:CauseCategoryName>
                <d:CauseServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ChangedBy>Eddie Wright</d:ChangedBy>
                <d:CompletedOnDate>2012-07-20T00:00:00</d:CompletedOnDate>
                <d:CompletionDueDate>2012-07-25T00:00:00</d:CompletionDueDate>
                <d:Contact>Catherine Lesjak</d:Contact>
                <d:ContractID/>
                <d:CreatedBy>Eddie Wright</d:CreatedBy>
                <d:CreationDate>2012-11-23T00:00:00</d:CreationDate>
                <d:Customer>HP</d:Customer>
                <d:CustomerID>10332</d:CustomerID>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCode>1</d:DataOriginTypeCode>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>Manual data entry</d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>
                <d:DiagnosticTest>false</d:DiagnosticTest>
                <d:ID>1423</d:ID>
                <d:IncidentCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:IncidentCategoryName>
                <d:IncidentServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:InitialResponseDate>2012-07-20T00:00:00</d:InitialResponseDate>
                <d:InitialReviewDueDate>2012-07-20T00:00:00</d:InitialReviewDueDate>
                <d:InstallationPointID/>
                <d:InstalledBaseID/>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>1</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Open</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:LastChangeDate>2014-08-15T00:00:00</d:LastChangeDate>
                <d:LastResponseOnDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:Name>System issue at HP</d:Name>
                <d:NextResponseDueDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ObjectCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ObjectCategoryName>
                <d:ObjectID>00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC5A0FD</d:ObjectID>
                <d:ObjectServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:Partner/>
                <d:PartnerID/>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCode>SRRQ</d:ProcessingTypeCode>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>Service Request</d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>
                <d:ProductCategoryDescription>B2C - Travel</d:ProductCategoryDescription>
                <d:ProductID>P110100</d:ProductID>
                <d:ReferenceDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ReportedForEmail/>
                <d:ReportedForPartyID/>
                <d:ReporterEmail>[email protected]</d:ReporterEmail>
                <d:ReporterPartyID>1000394</d:ReporterPartyID>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>2</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>Requestor Action</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>
                <d:RequestedEnd/>
                <d:RequestedEndTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:RequestedStart/>
                <d:RequestedStartTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:SalesTerritoryID/>
                <d:ScheduledEndDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledEndTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledEndTime>
                <d:ScheduledStartDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledStartTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledStartTime>
                <d:SerialID/>
                <d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>S3110</d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>
                <d:ServiceCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode>E</d:languageCode>
                    <d:content>Product Support</d:content>
                </d:ServiceCategoryName>
                <d:ServiceIssueCategoryID>PS</d:ServiceIssueCategoryID>
                <d:ServiceLevelAgreement>CLOUDFORSERVICE_STANDARD</d:ServiceLevelAgreement>
                <d:ServicePriorityCode>3</d:ServicePriorityCode>
                <d:ServicePriorityCodeText>Normal</d:ServicePriorityCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCode/>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCodeText/>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>3</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Completed</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>5</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Completed</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceTechnician>John Smith</d:ServiceTechnician>
                <d:ServiceTechnicianTeam/>
                <d:Technician/>
                <d:WarrantyDescription/>
                <d:WarrantyFrom m:null="true"/>
                <d:WarrantyTo m:null="true"/>
            </m:properties>
        </content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')</id>
        <title type="text">ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')</title>
        <updated>2015-10-02T23:43:16Z</updated>
        <category term="servicerequest.ServiceRequest" scheme="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/scheme"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')" rel="edit" title="ServiceRequest"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/AddressSnapshotPostalAddress" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="AddressSnapshotPostalAddress"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestAttachmentFolder"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestBusinessTransactionDocumentReference"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/ServiceRequestDescription" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestDescription" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestDescription"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/ServiceRequestItem" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestItem" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestItem"/>
        <link href="ServiceRequestCollection('00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD')/ServiceRequestTextCollection" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestTextCollection" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed" title="ServiceRequestTextCollection"/>
        <content type="application/xml">
            <m:properties>
                <d:ActivityCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ActivityCategoryName>
                <d:ActivityServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCode/>
                <d:ApprovalStatusCodeText/>
                <d:AssignedTechnician/>
                <d:AssignedTo>8000000197</d:AssignedTo>
                <d:CauseCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:CauseCategoryName>
                <d:CauseServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:ChangedBy>Juliane Beyer</d:ChangedBy>
                <d:CompletedOnDate>2012-06-09T00:00:00</d:CompletedOnDate>
                <d:CompletionDueDate>2012-06-13T00:00:00</d:CompletionDueDate>
                <d:Contact>Frank Sander</d:Contact>
                <d:ContractID/>
                <d:CreatedBy>Eddie Wright</d:CreatedBy>
                <d:CreationDate>2012-11-23T00:00:00</d:CreationDate>
                <d:Customer>Digital Plus AG</d:Customer>
                <d:CustomerID>10025</d:CustomerID>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCode>1</d:DataOriginTypeCode>
                <d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>Manual data entry</d:DataOriginTypeCodeText>
                <d:DiagnosticTest>false</d:DiagnosticTest>
                <d:ID>1422</d:ID>
                <d:IncidentCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:IncidentCategoryName>
                <d:IncidentServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:InitialResponseDate>2012-06-09T00:00:00</d:InitialResponseDate>
                <d:InitialReviewDueDate>2012-06-11T00:00:00</d:InitialReviewDueDate>
                <d:InstallationPointID/>
                <d:InstalledBaseID/>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>1</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>Open</d:ItemListServiceRequestExecutionLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:LastChangeDate>2014-05-20T00:00:00</d:LastChangeDate>
                <d:LastResponseOnDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:Name>System issue at Digital Plus AG</d:Name>
                <d:NextResponseDueDate>2012-08-05T00:00:00</d:NextResponseDueDate>
                <d:ObjectCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode/>
                    <d:content/>
                </d:ObjectCategoryName>
                <d:ObjectID>00163E03A0701ED28DABB39DFBC660FD</d:ObjectID>
                <d:ObjectServiceIssueCategoryID/>
                <d:Partner/>
                <d:PartnerID/>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCode>SRRQ</d:ProcessingTypeCode>
                <d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>Service Request</d:ProcessingTypeCodeText>
                <d:ProductCategoryDescription>B2C - HT - Imaging</d:ProductCategoryDescription>
                <d:ProductID>P600103</d:ProductID>
                <d:ReferenceDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ReportedForEmail/>
                <d:ReportedForPartyID/>
                <d:ReporterEmail>[email protected]</d:ReporterEmail>
                <d:ReporterPartyID>1000118</d:ReporterPartyID>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>2</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCode>
                <d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>Requestor Action</d:RequestAssignmentStatusCodeText>
                <d:RequestedEnd/>
                <d:RequestedEndTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:RequestedStart/>
                <d:RequestedStartTimeZoneCode/>
                <d:SalesTerritoryID/>
                <d:ScheduledEndDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledEndTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledEndTime>
                <d:ScheduledStartDate m:null="true"/>
                <d:ScheduledStartTime>PT00H00M00S</d:ScheduledStartTime>
                <d:SerialID/>
                <d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>S3111</d:ServiceAndSupportTeam>
                <d:ServiceCategoryName m:type="servicerequest.MEDIUM_Name">
                    <d:languageCode>E</d:languageCode>
                    <d:content>General Usage Issue</d:content>
                </d:ServiceCategoryName>
                <d:ServiceIssueCategoryID>PS-GEN</d:ServiceIssueCategoryID>
                <d:ServiceLevelAgreement>CLOUDFORSERVICE_SLA_VIP</d:ServiceLevelAgreement>
                <d:ServicePriorityCode>2</d:ServicePriorityCode>
                <d:ServicePriorityCodeText>Urgent</d:ServicePriorityCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCode/>
                <d:ServiceRequestClassificationCodeText/>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>2</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>In Process</d:ServiceRequestLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>4</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCode>
                <d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>In Process - Waiting for Customer</d:ServiceRequestUserLifeCycleStatusCodeText>
                <d:ServiceTechnician/>
                <d:ServiceTechnicianTeam/>
                <d:Technician/>
                <d:WarrantyDescription/>
                <d:WarrantyFrom m:null="true"/>
                <d:WarrantyTo m:null="true"/>
            </m:properties>
        </content>
    </entry>
</feed>
--ejjeeffe0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=ejjeeffe1
Content-Length:      2329

--ejjeeffe1
Content-Type: application/http
Content-Length: 96
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 0
dataserviceversion: 2.0


--ejjeeffe1
Content-Type: application/http
Content-Length: 2008
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Type: application/atom+xml;type=entry
Content-Length: 1716
location: https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')
dataserviceversion: 2.0
cache-control: no-cache, no-store


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<entry xml:base="https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices">
    <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/servicerequest/ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')</id>
    <title type="text">ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')</title>
    <updated>2015-10-02T23:43:20Z</updated>
    <category term="servicerequest.ServiceRequestItem" scheme="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/scheme"/>
    <link href="ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')" rel="edit" title="ServiceRequestItem"/>
    <link href="ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')/ServiceRequest" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequest" type="application/atom+xml;type=entry" title="ServiceRequest"/>
    <link href="ServiceRequestItemCollection('00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B')/ServiceRequestFirstRequestedItemScheduleLine" rel="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/related/ServiceRequestFirstRequestedItemScheduleLine" type="application/atom+xml;type=entry" title="ServiceRequestFirstRequestedItemScheduleLine"/>
    <content type="application/xml">
        <m:properties>
            <d:Description>1m water hose</d:Description>
            <d:ObjectID>00163E0DBD9E1ED59AABEB57FF4A3F4B</d:ObjectID>
            <d:ParentObjectID>00163E0DBD9E1ED596EBDFDA564728AC</d:ParentObjectID>
            <d:ProductCategoryDescription>Parts</d:ProductCategoryDescription>
            <d:ProductID>10000760</d:ProductID>
        </m:properties>
    </content>
</entry>
--ejjeeffe1--

--ejjeeffe0--

$expand

C4C OData API's support for $expand system query option is via Navigaton Properties.

E.g. /AccountCollection?$top=10&$format=json&$expand=AccountMainAddress Where AccountMainAddress is a Navigation Property defined in the Entity Data Model (EDM) for the Account Entity (see the Entity defintion below).

    <EntityType Name="Account">
        <Key>
            <PropertyRef Name="ObjectID"/>
        </Key>
        <Property Name="ABCClassificationCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="1" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
        <Property Name="ABCClassificationCodeText" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
        <Property Name="AccountFormattedName" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="false" MaxLength="40" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
        <Property Name="AccountID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="10" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
        <Property Name="AccountName" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="240" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
....
        <NavigationProperty Name="AccountMainAddress" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_AccountMainAddress" FromRole="Account" ToRole="AccountMainAddress"/>
        <NavigationProperty Name="AccountNotes" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_AccountNotes" FromRole="Account" ToRole="AccountNotes"/>
        <NavigationProperty Name="AccountRole" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_AccountRole" FromRole="Account" ToRole="AccountRole"/>
        <NavigationProperty Name="AccountSalesData" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_AccountSalesData" FromRole="Account" ToRole="AccountSalesData"/>
        <NavigationProperty Name="AccountTeam" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_AccountTeam" FromRole="Account" ToRole="AccountTeam"/>
        <NavigationProperty Name="ExternalIDMapping" Relationship="http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.Account_ExternalIDMapping" FromRole="Account" ToRole="ExternalIDMapping"/>
    </EntityType>

For every entity (that is not a Header entity e.g. Account or Opportunity etc.) the C4C OData framework implicitly generates a Navigation Property to the parent entity as well as a Navigation Property to the Header entity (if the parent entity is not a Header itself).

If you consider the metadata below, the following can be seen:

Opportunity is the Header entity
OpportunityItem has the Opportunity as the Parent (as well as the Header) and
OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting has OpportunityItem as the Parent and Opportunity as the Header entity

For each of the entities below, a Navigation Property is available that allows a given Entity type to navigate to the immediate parent e.g. OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting has a

Navigation Property Opportunity that allows navigation to the Header and
Navigation Property OpportunityItem that allows navigation to the Parent.

This pattern holds true for all OData services generated by C4C (both standard as well as custom services).

<EntityType Name="Opportunity">
    <Key>
        <PropertyRef Name="ObjectID"/>
    </Key>
    <Property Name="ApprovalStatusCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="2" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ConsistencyStatusCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="2" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="35" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="LifeCycleStatusCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="2" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="Name" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="765" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ObjectID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="70" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="OriginTypeCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="3" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="PhaseProgressEvaluationStatusCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="2" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="PriorityCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="1" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ProcessingTypeCode" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="4" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <NavigationProperty Name="OpportunityItem" Relationship="cust.Opportunity_OpportunityItem" FromRole="Opportunity" ToRole="OpportunityItem"/>
</EntityType>
<EntityType Name="OpportunityItem">
    <Key>
        <PropertyRef Name="ObjectID"/>
    </Key>
    <Property Name="ID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="10" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="NetAmount" Type="cust.Amount" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ObjectID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="70" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ParentObjectID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="70" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ProductID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="60" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="Quantity" Type="cust.Quantity" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <NavigationProperty Name="Opportunity" Relationship="cust.Opportunity_OpportunityItem" FromRole="OpportunityItem" ToRole="Opportunity"/>
    <NavigationProperty Name="OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" Relationship="cust.OpportunityItem_OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" FromRole="OpportunityItem" ToRole="OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting"/>
</EntityType>
<EntityType Name="OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting">
    <Key>
        <PropertyRef Name="ObjectID"/>
    </Key>
    <Property Name="DistributionAmount" Type="cust.Amount" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="DistributionDate" Type="Edm.DateTime" Nullable="true" Precision="8" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ObjectID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="70" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ParentObjectID" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="true" MaxLength="70" FixedLength="true" sap:creatable="false" sap:updatable="false" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="ReportingCurrencyDistributionAmount" Type="cust.Amount" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <Property Name="RevenuePartnerUUID" Type="Edm.Guid" Nullable="true" sap:creatable="true" sap:updatable="true" sap:filterable="false"/>
    <NavigationProperty Name="Opportunity" Relationship="cust.Opportunity_OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" FromRole="OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" ToRole="Opportunity"/>
    <NavigationProperty Name="OpportunityItem" Relationship="cust.OpportunityItem_OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" FromRole="OpportunityItemRevenuePlanReporting" ToRole="OpportunityItem"/>
</EntityType>

Please note that C4C OData API currently DOES NOT support the usage of properties from expanded navigations as part of $filter conditions. However, this can be achieved by applying the $filter condition at the child entity collection and then use an $expand condition to navigate to either the Parent collection or to the Header collection. E.g. if the requirement is to get all Opportunities that have a certain Product, as a part of a single GET request, this could be achieved with the following query call:

/OpportunityItemCollection?$format=json&$filter=ProductID eq 'P300104'&$expand=Opportunity

Performance considerations: Due to their complex nature, $expand queries require additional processing in comparison to the queries involving a single entity. Thus, in general $expand queries can be slow and in some cases considerably slow. While this should not impact the performance requirements of a result set with few records (e.g. single READ operation), when the result set contains a number of records, performance might not be ideal. Therefore, we recommend that applications should be designed accordingly and if $expand query doesn't meet the performance requirements, implement alternative methods. Due to the reasons above, queries involving $expand will only return the first 100 records and if there are more records matching the criteria, at the end of the result, a URL link to get next 100 records will be included. If a larger result set is desired, appropriate paging can be implemented via $skip and $top.

$filter

Option	Example	Description
eq	/OpportunityCollection?$filter=AccountID eq '1001910' /UserCollection?$filter=UserID eq 'ADMIN'	Gets all Opportunity entries that matches the specified AccountID Matches UserID containing the string ADMIN - '*' can be used as a wildcard.
ge, le	/OpportunityCollection?$filter=AccountID ge '1001910' and AccountID le '1001920'	Gets all Opportunity entries with AccountID within the specified range
datetimeoffset	/AccountCollection?$filter=CreatedOn ge datetimeoffset'2015-04-01T00:00:00Z'	Accounts created on or after given datetime
endswith	/AccountCollection?$filter=endswith(AccountName,'LLC')	All accounts whose AccountName ends with 'LLC'. *Note that the Property Name has to be specified first*.
startswith	/AccountCollection?$filter=startswith(AccountName,'Porter')	All accounts whose AccountName starts with 'Porter'. *Similar to endswith note that the Property Name has to be specified first*.

Filtering for delta changes

As of 1911 release, filtering for delta changes can be done using the property EntityLastChangedOn. For example, to get the number of Opportunities changed since (including) October 1st, 2019:

.../OpportunityCollection/$count?$filter=EntityLastChangedOn ge datetimeoffset’2019-10-01T00:00:00Z'

$inlinecount

XML response with inlinecount. The Element <m:count> contains the response to the $inlinecount.

<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices" xml:base="https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/c4codataapi/">
    <id>https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/OpportunityCollection</id>
    <title type="text">OpportunityCollection</title>
    <updated>2015-08-23T17:30:32Z</updated>
    <author>
        <name/>
    </author>
    <link href="OpportunityCollection" rel="self" title="OpportunityCollection"/>
    <m:count>39080</m:count>
    <entry>
        <id>https://myNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/OpportunityCollection('00163E03A0701ED28BCEC7F4AA474109')</id>
        <title type="text">OpportunityCollection('00163E03A0701ED28BCEC7F4AA474109')</title>
        <updated>2015-08-23T17:30:32Z</updated>
        ....

JSON response with inlinecount. The attribute __count contains the response to the $inlinecount.

{
  "d": {
    "__count": "39080", 
    "results": [
      {
        "AccountID": "10009", 
        "AccountName": {
          "__metadata": {
            "type": "http://sap.com/xi/AP/CRM/Global.ENCRYPTED_LONG_Name"
          }, 
          "content": "Primo Sustainable products", 
          "languageCode": "E"
        },
        ...

$search

Although it is not part of OData V2 specification, $search is supported by C4C OData API. Once $search is performed, C4C OData API compares the term provided to $search against the properties marked as $search relevant in OData Service Expolorer. Standard C4C OData services are delievered with $search relevant properties marked.

For custom OData services, it is possible to mark $search releveant entity properties individually as well as at the entity collection level.

Please note that the term passed to $search can be bound with single-quotes or not quotes at all (Double-quotes not supported). The following example shows the usage of the $search.:

https://myNNNNNN.crm.ondemand.com/sap/byd/odata/cust/v1/c4codataapi/CustomerCollection?$search=test user

$Search rules

Each provided value is evaluated for an exact match. E.g. “$search=Mustafa” will match a search relevant value “Mustafa 1705 Test” but, “$search=Mus” will not.
The * (asterisk) character can be used as a wildcard. E.g. “$search=Mus*” will match “Mustafa 1705 Test” as well as “Mustangs”
Multiple search values with spaces between them will be evaluated with a logical AND operation. Logical OR operation is not supported.
$search results can be sorted via $orderby
$search and $filter can be used together in the same request - the matching results must satisfy the conditions set in both $search and $filter i.e. logical AND.
Properties supporting $search are documented in C4C OData API reference.

Note: $search is not supported as part of a $batch request.

ETag Support

HTTP ETag (entity tag) is mainly used for optimistic concurrency control and client side caching of data. Since C4C 1602, OData API provides support for weak validation of ETags.

W/"datetimeoffset'2016-04-27T23%3A07%3A31.6809330Z'"

Each C4C entity has an associated ETag (which indicates the last updated datetime of that entity). Thus, when a collection of C4C entities are read, associated ETag of each entity is returned in its ETag ETag property.

{
  "d": {
    "results": [
      {
        "__metadata": {
          "uri": "https://my315537.crm.ondemand.com/sap/c4c/odata/v1/c4codataapi/
          ProductCollection('00163E03A0701EE288BE9895233EBD27')",
          "type": "c4codataapi.Product",
          "etag": "W/\"datetimeoffset'2015-02-03T21%3A07%3A03.5328420Z'\""
        },
        "ObjectID": "00163E03A0701EE288BE9895233EBD27",
        "ID": "P140100",
        "UUID": "00163E03-A070-1EE2-88BE-9895233EBD27",
        "CreatedOn": "/Date(1351534600660)/",
        "CreatedBy": "SAP WORKER",
        "ChangedOn": "/Date(1422997623532)/",
        "StatusCode": "3",
        "UnitOfMeasureCode": "EA",
        "Description": "GS Marengo Womens Mountain Bike",
        "languageCode": "E",
        "ETag": "/Date(1422997623532)/",  <============== ETag in the entity record
        "StatusCodeText": "Blocked",
        "UnitOfMeasureCodeText": "Each",
        "languageCodeText": "English",
 ...

In the case where a single C4C Entity is read, in addition to the ETag property, the ETag is also returned as part of the response header.

c4c-odata-response-time →2061 ms
cache-control →no-cache, no-store
content-encoding →gzip
content-length →505
content-type →application/json; charset=utf-8
dataserviceversion →2.0
etag →W/"datetimeoffset'2015-02-03T21%3A07%3A03.5328420Z'"   <<========== ETag in response header
x-csrf-token →dQOr2DmqinUDkzVKub0L4A==

Optimistic Concurrency Control with ETag

When ETag is used for optimistic concurrency control following scenario is implemented:

Client application receives the ETag associated with the entity read
While modifiying the record in the server via HTTP PUT, PATCH or DELETE, the client sets the HTTP request header If-Match with the ETag previously read.
If ETag associated with the entity in the server matches the ETag passed in the request header, the call succeeds with HTTP response 204. (I.e. no other updates has been made since the client read the entity record)
Otherwise, the HTTP response gets the status 412 Precondition Failed (i.e. The conurrency check fails)

Example HTTP PUT request with concurrency control:

    PUT AccountCollection HTTP/1.1
    host: <your tenant>
    content-type: application/json
    if-match: W/"datetimeoffset'2015-02-03T21%3A07%3A03.5328420Z'"
    x-csrf-token: dQOr2DmqinUDkzVKub0L4A==

    {
        "AccountName":"New Name of the account"
    }

Sample Payloads

Licensing

Copyright 2015-2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company and C4CODATAAPIDEVGUIDE contributors. Please see our LICENSE for copyright and license information. Detailed information including third-party components and their licensing/copyright information is available via the REUSE tool.

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