Hermes

Hermes is an environment for Ruby and JavaScript developers in Darwin using Tmux, Vim and iTerm 2 that focuses on speed and ease of use.

Hermes is opinionated where having an opinion is important, but does not prevent you from customizing your tools.

Hermes gives you a lot of things for free:

• Sensible defaults for developers.
• Integration of Vim into tmux and tmux into iTerm 2.
• Mouse and window integration, allowing selections within tmux and Vim panes, not across them.
• Vim packages that provide git integration, command- and block-completion, fuzzy file search and ease of testing.

We feel that good documentation is a key part of using any new technology with lots of moving parts, so we will be improving Hermes' documentation in the days and weeks to come.

Preliminary Thanks

Hermes combines plugins, settings, snippets, gists, and ideas from countless developers around the world. We would like to thank:

• The Vim team.
• The Tmux team.
• The GNU Bash team
• The Homebrew team.
• Tim Pope. Seriously, you're awesome.
• Thoughtbot for their dotfiles, essential in getting the Tmux configuration right.
• Vimcasts, for showing the world just how powerful Vim can be.

Installation

Warning! Hermes is still early in development, so just to be careful, we strongly encourage you to install it in a separate user account, not your main one. That said, we have tested it on our own user accounts, where it worked just fine.

You can check to see which files will be overwritten in manifests/dotfile_manifest, or follow this link to view it on Github.

Prerequisites

Hermes relies on Homebrew and RVM to work properly. While Homebrew is a de facto standard developers using OS X, there are a good number of people that use RBenv, so support for that is in the pipeline. We are happy to look at any pull requests.

If these two tools are not available, the installer script will halt. Please refer to these tools' excellent documentation for installation instructions.

Fork first!

As the very first step, you should fork the Hermes on Github since this will make it easier for you to customize your installation. After you're done, you can run:

mkdir -p ~/.hermes
git clone https://github.com/<your_github_username>/Hermes.git ~/.hermes
cd ~/.hermes
./install.bash

This will perform the following actions:

• Check that you have all the needed Homebrew dependencies
• Back up any file or folder that would be overwritten by the installer process
• Install all dotfiles and plugins available in the hermes directory and symlink them to the right locations in your home folder

You may also want to add Hermes's repository as an upstream repository, so you can pull in the changes done on the main trunk whenever you need to.

What's included in the installer

The installer will:

• check for dependencies
• backup any existing dotfile that would be overwritten in a timestamped tar file that you can use to restore your previous configuration
• install a number of required Homebrew packages
• create a ~/hermes directory and symlink its content to your home folder where every piece of software expects to find its main configuration file(s)

Hermes includes:

• configuration and plugins for Vim
• configuration for Tmux
• configuration for git
• configuration and additional functionality for two shells: Bash and Fish.
• settings for gem, ack, pow, pry and irb

In addition, Hermes glues all components together so they play nicely with each other and the OS. Two examples of this integration are are Hermes' support for the system clipboard in OS X and window/pane aware mouse integration.

Updates

Being a git-based project, you can update Hermes by simply pulling from the remote. If you forked the project, please remember to add the original repo as an upstream repository to make getting new project updates easier.

Documentation foreword

This document provides enough information to make you productive with Hermes, but it doesn't cover the totality of what's provided by all plugins, especially when it comes to Vim. Please refer to their original documentation for more details.

Hermes' goal is to provide a solid structure for you to build on top of without having to deal with any intermediate configuration layers. For example, Vim's entire configuration is managed canonically through the ~/.vimrc file and the ~/.vim folder. The only significant difference is that under the hood, those files are actually symlinks to your hermes folder.

Knowing how Hermes ties everything together is useful when it comes time to configure it.

Vim

A stock vim installation with a basic configuration can go a long way and can be really beneficial when it comes to editing files on a server.

There is however a very simple problem with the default Vim installation that OS X provides: it cannot access the system clipboard. That means if you copy anything from outside the editor, it's not available in any of Vim's registers. Worse yet, if you copy anything in Vim using its internal commands, it won't be available to the rest of the system

To sort this out, Hermes installs Homebrew's version of Vim, which is available through the MacVim package:

brew install macvim --override-system-vim

This has some additional benefits, like having support for Ruby in plugins.

Let's now go with some defaults for a basic .vimrc file:

set nocompatible    "don't need Vi compatibility
set nobackup        "don't create backup files
set nowritebackup
set notimeout
set ttimeout
set ttimeoutlen=10
set noswapfile      "don't create swap files
set history=50      "keep a small history
set ruler           "always show position
set showcmd
set incsearch
set laststatus=2    "full status bar
set t_Co=256        "256 colors - requires a properly configured terminal emulator
syntax on           "turn syntax highlight on

filetype plugin indent on "let plugins manage indentation

" Send more characters for redraws
set ttyfast
" Enable mouse use in all modes
set mouse=a
set ttymouse=xterm2

" Fix backspace
set backspace=indent,eol,start
fixdel

" Softtabs, 2 spaces
set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set expandtab

" Display extra whitespace at the end of the line
set list listchars=tab:»·,trail:·
" Clipboard fix for OsX
set clipboard=unnamed

" Numbers
set number
set numberwidth=2

"Folding
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevelstart=99

" Autocompletion options
set wildmode=list:longest,list:full
set complete=.,w,b"

These settings will allow you to efficiently edit any file whose type is supported by default, so Javascript and Ruby are already covered. The settings enable standard features like line numbering and syntax highlighting and also turn on features like mouse support and clipboard sharing that are useful in integrating Vim into iTerm and OS X.

Plugins

Plugins are a powerful way to extend Vim's capabilities. The implementation may change, but we feel you should be able to expect the following from a modern text editor:

• Support for fuzzy search inside a directory tree. You should be able to easily open a file by name without navigating the tree.
• Full text search inside a directory tree.
• Snippet support with expansion, tab stops and completion. Like Textmate.
• Integration with testing frameworks. You should be able to run tests without leaving the editor.
• Tabs and split windows. You should be able to see tests and the corresponding code at the same time and be able to easily switch from one to the other.
• Language specific features, like syntax-aware indentation and navigation.

Needless to say, a number of other text editors support these features. Vim, however, combines this with its extremely efficient modal editing approach.

Hermes provides a good number of plugins, aiming to strike a balance between features and speed. You can see the complete list under hermes/vim/bundle, but here are some highlights:

• Ctrlp: a tool for fuzzy searching by file and tag.
• Snipmate: unashamedly borrowing from Textmate, Snipmate provides tab completion based on snippet files.
• The silver searcher: ag is a faster alternative to Ack.
• TComment: toggles comments in nearly any language.
• Rails.vim: provides shortcuts, generators and settings for working with Ruby on Rails projects. Absolutely killer.
• Vimux: forms a bridge with Tmux to send text and commands to a Tmux pane. Vimux is essential for Hermes' testing support.

However, we encourage you to be wary of plugins for several reasons:

• Vim has many conventional ways to accomplish certain tasks, and while it's possible to do things in many ways, it's important to try to understand the Vim way of doing things and play to its strengths.
• One of Vim's benefits is speed and low memory footprint, making it responsive even when opening huge files. Increasing Vim's footprint through excessive numbers of plugins can eliminate this benefit.
• Sometimes a plugin is not necessary. Similar or identical effects can often be achieved with smaller, well thought-out changes in your .vimrc.
• Although powerful, Vim is a text editor and should do just this one job well.

Vim's approach to plugin management is a little counterintuitive: by default, Vim looks for additional scripts to load in ~/.vim, which has subfolders that determine when the configuration is loaded. For example, a script can be split across the plugin and the autoload directories, the former for the bulk, load-once functionality while the latter for anything that requires constant recalculation. This means that a manual installation may be spread across multiple directories, resulting in a structure that is difficult to maintain and update.

Enter Vundle, a package manager that makes this process painless and that inverts the usual installation pattern, as it lets you organize plugins based on their name.

Vundle has been inspired by Bundler, the package manager for Ruby and it uses a similar approach. Let's say that we want to add the NerdTree plugin to our configuration, available at http://github.com/scrooloose/nerdtree.

We can just open ~/.vimrc, add a single line:

Bundle 'scrooloose/nerdtree'

And then run :BundleInstall as a normal mode command. Done!

Under the hood, Vundle will download the plugin, store it into vim/bundle and load it into the runtime.

Using Vundle requires just a preliminary installation (included in the Hermes installation script) and a few lines at the top of our ~/.vimrc:

" Options required by Vundle
set nocompatible
filetype off

" Setup Vundle
set rtp+=bundle/vundle/
call vundle#rc()

Vundle is capable of searching, updating and installing other plugins and features an interactive mode. Be sure to run :help vundle to learn all of these tricks.

Managing configuration

If you keep extending your .vimrc, it comes to a point where it's simply too long, so it makes sense to split it into separate chunks of related configuration. Here's an example from the bottom of a .vimrc:

source $HOME/.vim/autocommands.vim
source $HOME/.vim/plugins.vim
source $HOME/.vim/shortcuts.vim

Tip: Pressing gf in Vim's normal mode will open the file under the cursor. This works with many other file types, including html documents.

We recommend that when working with new plugins, you add one at a time and pay close attention to their documentation. Plugins are often extremely configurable, as you can see in Hermes' plugins.vim file. Taking the time to develop a feel for how each plugin works and configuring them for your specific needs can go a long way in optimising your workflow.

Documentation is usually available by typing :help <term-to-search>. However, Hermes has a custom shortcut you can use: by pressing <leader>h with the cursor over a word, you can search for that word in Vim's help.

As an example, let's look at the configuration Hermes supplies for Ctrl-p (in ~/.hermes/hermes/vim/plugins.vim):

set wildignore+=*/.hg/*,*/.svn/*,*/vendor/cache/*,*/public/system/*,*/tmp/*,*/log/*,*/.git/*,*/.jhw-cache/*,*/solr/data/*,*/node_modules/*,*/.DS_Store

The wildignore flag is not Ctrl-p specific, as it's used by Vim or many autocompletion and expansion functions: the more unlikely targets we remove, the better Vim's performance will be. Since Ctrl-p uses this pattern to determine a baseline for excluding files when creating its index, this simple addition will help keep it snappy.

Daily use cases

Here are a few examples of what you can do with Vim, bearing in mind that this is not meant to be an exhaustive guide. Instead, we will focus on frequent everyday tasks:

Shelling out

Having the shell at your disposal can speed up your workflow many times over, but to really take advantage of this it's important to learn how to alternate between Vim and the command line.

Sometimes you just need to run a simple shell command, like creating a file or directory (i.e. folder). In that situation, press : in normal mode to enter the command mode. Then type ! to tell Vim to shell out and perform the command in the shell. So, if you want to create a sample directory, you can type:

:!mkdir sample

The command will be performed from within the current working directory, you can verify that with :pwd.

When you need to step out of the file you're editing, perform a few tasks and then go back, your best option is to suspend Vim using the shell via ctrl-z and then resume it with by typing the command fg (foreground) when you're done. This is a very straightforward approach and widely used in the Unix world. It works out of the box.

Alternatively, you can use a different window or pane with Tmux, as we shall explain later on.

As always, you can associate a shortcut for a shell command you want to run: a good example is creating a leader command to run the current file as a spec.

noremap <leader>s :!bundle exec rspec %<cr>

We use noremap to tell Vim to create a key map for normal mode, assign it to <leader>s and then specify the command, a simple bundle exec rspec where we include the current file as an argument and then press enter (carriage return).

Reading from a source into the current buffer

Another common use case is having to add content from a different source, like another file or a unix process.

Vim provides a very simple way to do this: the :r command.

If you have two files, a.txt and b.txt, you can open the first one and type: :r b.txt. This will add the contents of the second file in the current buffer (where you have opened a.txt).

You can combine the :r command with ! to shell out and get the contents from any command you wish. For example, you can use ls to list the contents of a directory to easily generate a manifest file. The full command would then be :r! ls.

Search and replace

Search and replace in Vim is a kind of regular expression usage. Vim expects you to provide a range and then a substitution command to perform.

So if you type:

:%s/foo/bar

It will search in the whole buffer % and substitute the first occurence of foo with bar. As you can imagine, you can pass flags to the command, like:

:%s/foo/bar/gi

The g flag predictably tells Vim to perform a global search and replace, with multiple replacements, while the i (interactive) flag will allow you to confirm each substitution individually.

If you need to act on a specific number of lines, you have two options:

• You can pass a range of lines, like :12,15s/foo/bar
• You can select a visual block, press : followed by the substitution command (s/foo/bar). Note that the command bar will be prepopulated with the expression indicating the currently selected visual range ('<,'>)

A common complaint by many people who switch from a graphical editor to Vim is that there's no facility to execute a substitution command across files. Vim provides such tools by following a simple pattern:

• Add all the files to the arguments list
• Perform a search and replace on each file contained in such list

This can be tricky: the argument list is the files of all currently open files and can be completely different from the buffer list. So if we wanted to perform a search and replace on all *.rb files in the current working directory we would do:

:args ./**.rb
:argdo %s/foo/bar/gi

Note the i flag, which is a lifesaver. The argdo command iterates over the argument list and performs the sspecified command (we still need the % to act on the whole file).

(If you use Vim's tabs feature, see also tabdo for a way of doing operations across all your tabs.)

A different approach, and what we suggest, is not using Vim altogether but a shell based substitution.

First of all, you should make sure that you're working with some sort of VCS, because what we're about to do is not easily reversible.

We will be using Perl, as it's fast, powerful and simple.

The aforementioned substitution can be achieved with:

perl -i.bak -pe's/foo/bar/g' ./**.rb

A VERY IMPORTANT NOTE: the above pattern is usually safe in the context of a Rails application, but if the pattern you used finds files inside .git, it will perform the substitution on them as well, potentially damaging your Git index. This can happen if your glob pattern is too loose or if you have submodules written in the same language.

However, the -i.bak argument does create a backup of the original file, so you'll need to delete the .bak files after the substitution. If you really know what you're doing, you can just use the -i by itself.

A safer approach, and one which makes also the search and replace command easier to manage, is to move into subfolders and perform it in different steps. This will also make it easier to check, test and manage.

Visual mode

You can access Vim's "visual" model by pressing v (character selection) or V (line selection). When in visual mode, any movement will modify the selection. You can also click-drag a screen selection with the mouse, which will automatically put you in visual mode. Working in visual mode can be powerful, but in general it's advisable not to use it too often, since the actions you take in visual mode are not recorded in a way that can easily be repeated, e.g. . in normal mode.

There are, however, situations where visual mode has a clear advantage. One technique, making use of a "visual block", is great for doing the same thing to several lines at once.

Imagine this text in Vim:

a = 1
b = 2
c = 3

If we wanted to prepend the keyword var to every line shown above, we could to the following:

• With the cursor on a, create a visual block by pressing ctrl-v.
• Hit jj to move down two lines.
• Press I, type var (with a space at the end) and then press Esc to return to normal mode.

The var keyword should be prepended to each of the lines.

Note that this is not the only way to do this. For example, a macro or a normal mode command would have worked equally well. This latter approach is in fact usually more effective:

• With the cursor on a, press V and jj to highlight all 3 lines
• Enter : and :norm Ivar
• Press Enter

When a visual range is selected, pressing : opens the command prompt with the range prefilled. By typing :norm, Vim temporarily switches to normal mode, executing the subsequent command for each line in the visual range. We just used I to jump before the first letter in normal mode and type var.

This approach is good when the change we're making doesn't need to be repeated. In other situations, a macro is more effective.

Ctrl-p and fuzzy file search

Ctrl-p is a native Vim fuzzy finder. It can be used to search for files, buffers and tags with great configurability.

Hermes ships a ctrl-p configuration that uses the following defaults:

• uses the VCS root as a working directory, falling back to the current one if you're working outside a git repository;
• ignores tmp, database, log and VCS specific directories;
• current match at the top of the window;
• tag extension to search into the ctags database

Ctrl-p can be easily invoked with... ctrl-p. As reported in its original readme, here are some commands you can use:

• Press <c-f> and <c-b> to cycle between modes.
• Press <c-d> to switch to filename only search instead of full path.

Note that any filesystem change (new or deleted files) requires a cache refresh, achievable by typing :CtrlPClearCache.

Working with Rails

Rails.vim supercharges Vim with functions, shortcuts and a general 'rails-awareness' factor that proves to be invaluable when editing a Rails project.

File navigation

Due to Rails's conventional nature, any project uses the same folder structure, and all files the same naming conventions. Rails.vim leverages this factor and provides a series of commands to open specific files in a Rails project without manually navigating to the file and keeping the current working directory at the root of the Rails application.

These commands always follow the same pattern and are prefixed with R and are followed by the name of the file you want to open (stripped of the extension). Some examples are :Rmodel to open a model, :Rcontroller for a controller, and so on.

All commands support variations to tweak the behaviour: for example, RVcontroller will open the file in a vertically split pane. For a complete list, type :help rails-navigation.

Alternate and related files

When working on a certain feature, it's common to switch between certain files: model to test, controller to related view and so on. Rails.vim provides shortcuts for this file jumps: every file has got two counterparts: alternate and related. As reported in the guide (:help rails-alternate):

So pressing :A will switch between a model and its test file, while :R on a controller index action will take us to the related index view. Again, this commands can be combined with modifiers to open the file in a new tab or split (:RV, :RE, etc.).

Overcharged gf

Other commands, like the afore-mentioned gf, get a proper boost, becoming shortcuts to jump to the right file when pressed over a certain keyword. As an example, let's look at the following code:

class Post < ActiveRecord::Base

  belongs_to :author

end

Pressing gf on :author (any character) will open app/models/author.rb. Other examples are included in the relevant help section (help rails-gf).

Generators and Rake

You can use generators straight from Vim with RGenerate, with the nice side effects that the first generated file is automatically opened in the editor.

So, if you want to generate a new migration you can:

• type :Rgenerate migration ...
• make the relevant changes in the file
• type :Rake to execute it

This leads us to the :Rake command: depending on the open file, it performs different functions. See :help rails-rake for details. Note that another plugin included with Hermes, vim-bundler, takes care of prepending bundle exec to all commands.

Partial refactoring

Another common operation is partial extraction, i.e. moving a certain portion of erb code into a separate partial file.

Let's assume you have a file called app/views/users/show.html.erb with this content:

<ul>
  <li><%= @user.name %></li>
  <li><%= @user.email %></li>
</ul>

Using visual block mode (V), highlight the two <li> tags. Then type :Rextract user and press enter. This will create a file called app/views/users/_user.html.erb with the following content:

<li><%= user.name %></li>
<li><%= user.email %></li>

It will also update the show view by referencing that new partial:

<ul>
  <%= render :partial => 'user' %>
</ul>

Working with Tmux

Even if Vim by itself is indeed extremely powerful, it just shines when paired with Tmux. Tmux is a terminal multiplexer, a program to manage multiple shell instances in the scope of a single session (whether it's local or SSH it doesn't matter).

In other words, Tmux allows the creation of separate tabs (called windows) and splits (called panes), interaction between them and an external api for programmatic control.

The recurring question that people ask when hearing about Tmux for the first time is "Why should I use this instead of the native functionality provided by my terminal emulator?". Here's why:

• Tmux is terminal emulator independent, i.e. you can use it with any terminal emulator (there are a few edge cases in terms of compatibility, but the usual suspects on Mac OsX and Linux are well supported).
• Tmux can start a session, suspend it (called detach) and resume it (called attach), everything from different machines and over a network connection as well.
• Tmux has an api for external control by a 3rd party software and we'll see that this is key in our setup.
• If you accidentally close your terminal emulator, you don't lose anything as it runs in a separate process.
• Tmux is designed to be controlled with keyboard only and it features a powerful Vim compatibility mode that uses identical shortcuts.

Hermes includes an opinionated Tmux setup that solves a few compatibility issues with OsX, rebinds many shortcuts to an easier to remember layout and adds a few bells and whistles (like date, time and battery information in the status bar). Huge thanks to Thoughtbot for sharing most of the code that made it into this configuration.

Basic interaction

If you type tmux in your shell, you will start a new session. As we haven't passed a name, the session will receive an incremental number to identify it. Tmux allows switching between different sessions, so ideally you would want a separate one for each project you're working on.

At the bottom, you can see the list of windows on the left. This shows the current session windows, highlighting the current one. Windows also have an index, shown right on the left of the name.

The window behaves exactly like a "normal" terminal window, with just a couple of exceptions:

• Some shortcuts (like Cmd+k to clear the screen) can have unexpected behaviours. Where sensible, the configuration provides fallbacks.
• Mouse interaction is supported, but only with iTerm2 as terminal emulator (the default OsX terminal doesn't support it)

All tmux commands start with a prefix, set in this configuration to Ctrl-a: as a convention, this document will call this shortcut 'prefix', so prefix-c means 'press Ctrl-a, then c'.

Here are some basic commands:

• prefix-1, prefix-2 switches to the window identified by that index;
• prefix-c creates a new window;
• prefix-| splits the current window vertically;
• prefix-_ splits the current window horizontally;
• prefix-spacebar switches between horizontal and vertical layout for panes;
• prefix-x closes the current pane.
• prefix-a cycles focus among the current window panes;
• prefix-h/j/k/l moves the focus respectively to the left, below, above and right from the current pane (very similar to Vim);
• prefix-r reloads the tmux configuration (useful if you make some changes);
• prefix-: enters tmux command mode, where you can type tmux commands to perform certain actions in a dedicated command line (this is advanced usage).

You can also change focus from one pane to another using the mouse, however that is usually slower than mastering keyboard shortcuts.

Scrolling, copy and paste

As expected, you can scroll inside a pane with your mouse, but Tmux supports complete mouseless interaction even for this kind of operation. This is possible by entering 'copy mode', where (similarly to Vim's normal and visual modes, pressing keyboard keys doesn't enter text but performs actions). Copy mode is identified by a status indicator in the top right corner of the pane (showing your cursor position in the current scroll buffer).

Copy mode can be entered by pressing prefix-esc, but it can be alternatively activated by:

• pressing prefix-pageUp or prefix-pageDown, so that after entering copy mode it scrolls up or down.
• scrolling with the mouse on a pane, or initiating a drag and drop selection.

Commands in copy mode are pretty much identical to Vim and that's because Tmux handily supports a Vim compatibility mode, so that you don't have to change your habits.

• / will initiate a forward search. Simmetrically, ? will initiate a backward one;
• pageUp and pageDown will scroll the pane;
• g and G will go respectively to the top and the bottom;
• v initiates visual selection, so that you can select a visual portion of text and then, for example, press y to copy it.

To see a list of all possible combinations, press prefix-: to enter command mode and type list-keys -t vi-copy. Note also that a good set of motions are supported, so you can type v4w to select 4 words from the current one.

Allow yourself some time to master copy mode, as it's extremely powerful.

Note that if you use the mouse and perform a drag selection, text will be automatically copied into the clipboard upon releasing the left mouse button.

Tmux and Vim

Let's assume you are working on Rails application. Thanks to Rails.vim, you can easily navigate the codebase, but running tests is still a bit painful. You can create some bindings as shown above, but reality is, it would be great if you could type a shortctut to run tests "somewhere" else without interrupting your flow.

Hermes ships a combination of plugins that let you control your test suite runs from Vim using a separate pane in a Tmux session, so that you can benefit from asynchronous test runs without leaving your editor. This is achieved thanks to different plugins (vimux, vimux-ruby-test, vimux-cucumber and vim-turbux). It may seem a complicated setup, but in reality it allows to work in a much more natural way.

As an example, navigate to a Rails application folder on your machine and start a Tmux session (if you're not inside one already). Then, open vim.

Let's assume you have a User model (really, any model is fine, this is just for example purposes), so open app/models/user.rb. We already know that :A lets us navigate to the corresponding spec file and back, but we can also do better:

• Press leader-t: that creates (if not present) a pane below in the current window to run the spec for the current file. So if you press it with app/models/user.rb visible, it's smart enough to execute the test for that file, independently from the testing framework (RSpec, TestUnit or MiniTest).

• Now switch to the spec file and press leader-f: it will run the test passing the current line number as an extra argument (a properly focused test).

• If you now switch back to the implementation file and rerun leader-f, Vim will remember the line number used in step 2, so that you can easily run only the test you need for the implementation you're working on.

• What if you want to run a complex piece of code in the rails console? Just open one in the split pane, select a visual block in Vim and press leader-r. It will send it to the split pane, running it into the console.

License

This code is free to use under the terms of the MIT license.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Copyright

Copyright ©2012 New Bamboo Web Development Limited